ANNA UNIVERSITY TIRUNELVELI
TIRUNELVELI – 627 007
B.TECH. DEGREE PROGRAMME
POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
SEMESTER – III
Code No. Course Title L T P M
THEORY
CY1201 Environmental Science & Engineering 3 0 0 100
PT1201 Materials Engineering 3 0 0 100
MA1201 Mathematics III 3 1 0 100
PT1202 Organic Chemistry and Technology 3 1 0 100
PT1203 Physical Chemistry of Polymers 3 0 0 100
PT 1204 Polymer Chemistry 4 0 0 100
PRACTICALS
PT 1205 Polymer/Organic Chemistry Lab. 0 0 3 100
PT 1206 Organic Chemistry Lab. 0 0 3 100
GE1202 Communication Skills and Technical Seminar - I 0 0 3 100
SEMESTER – IV
Code No. Course Title L T P M
THEORY
MA1258 Mathematics IV
3 1 0 100
PT1251 Mould Engineering
3 1 0 100
PT1252 Polymer Structure & Property Relationship
3 0 0 100
PT1253 Principles of Chemical Engineering
3 0 0 100
PT1254 Strength of Materials
3 0 0 100
PT1255 Thermoplastics Materials
4 0 0 100
PRACTICALS
PT1256 Chemical Engineering Lab.
0 0 3 100
PT1257 Mould Engineering Lab.
0 0 3 100
GE 1251 Communication Skills and Technical Seminar - II 0 0 3 100
SEMESTER – V
Code No. Course Title L T P M
THEORY
MA1351 Numerical Methods 3 1 0 100
GE1301 Professional Ethics and Human values 4 0 0 100
PT1301 Analysis and Characterization of Polymers
3 0 0 100
CS1311 Computer Programming
3 0 0 100
PT1302 Processing Technology I
3 0 0 100
PT1303 Thermosets and Polymer Additives
3 0 0 100
PRACTICALS
PT1304 Computer Programming Lab
0 0 3 100
PT1305 Polymer Preparation and Characterization Lab
0 0 3 100
GE1302 Communication skill & Seminar
0 0 3 100
SEMESTER – VI
Code No. Course Title L T P M
THEORY
PT1351 Mould and Die Design
3 1 0 100
PT1352 Polymer Rheology
4 0 0 100
PT1353 Polymer Testing Methods
3 0 0 100
PT1354 Process Control and Instrumentation
3 0 0 100
PT1355 Processing Technology II
3 0 0 100
PT1356 Rubber Engineering
4 0 0 100
PRACTICALS
PT1357 Polymer Testing Lab I
0 0 3 100
PT1358 Processing Technology Lab.
0 0 3 100
GE1351 Presentation Skills and Seminar
0 0 3 100
SEMESTER –VII
Code No. Course Title L T P M
THEORY
Elective I 3 0 0 100
Elective II 3 0 0 100
PT1401 Polymer Reaction Engineering
3 1 0 100
PT1402 Polymer Blends and Composites
4 0 0 100
MG1402 Process Economics and Industrial Management
3 0 0 100
PT1403 Polymer Product Design
3 1 0 100
PRACTICALS
PT1404 Design and Analysis Practice using CAD CAE
0 0 3 100
PT1405 Polymer Testing Lab II
0 0 3 100
PT1406 Comprehension 0 0 3 100
SEMESTER – VIII
Code No. Course Title L T P M
THEORY
MG1401 Total Quality Management
3 0 0 100
Elective III 3 0 0 100
Elective IV 3 0 0 100
PRACTICALS
PT1451 Project work and Viva Voce 0 0 12 200
LIST OF ELECTIVES FOR
B.TECH. POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
ELECTIVE I
Code No. Course Title L T P M
PT1001 Polymer Recycling
3 0 0 100
PT1002 Plastics Packaging Technology
3 0 0 100
PT1003 Nylon Technology
3 0 0 100
PT1004 Fibre Technology
3 0 0 100
PT1005 Tyre Technology
3 0 0 100
ELECTIVE II
Code No. Course Title L T P M
PT1006 Bio Degradable Polymers
3 0 0 100
PT1007 Specialty Polymers
3 0 0 100
PT1008 Specialty Elastomers
3 0 0 100
PT1009 Bio Medical Polymers
3 0 0 100
PT1010 Polyurethane Technology
3 0 0 100
ELECTIVE III
Code No. Course Title L T P M
PT1011 Product Design Using CAD
3 0 0 100
PT1012 Information Technology
3 0 0 100
PT1013 Polymer Degradation and Stabilization
3 0 0 100
PT1014 Adhesives and surface coating
3 0 0 100
PT1015 Fibre Reinforced Plastics
3 0 0 100
PT1016 Conducting Polymers
3 0 0 100
CY1201 - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
3 0 0 100
OBJECTIVES
• To create an awareness on the various environmental pollution aspects and issues.
• To give a comprehensive insight into natural resources, ecosystem and biodiversity.
• To educate the ways and means to protect the environment from various types of pollution.
• To impart some fundamental knowledge on human welfare measures.
1. INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL RESOURCES 10 Definition, scope and importance – need for public awareness – forest resources: use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems – mineral resources: use effects on forests and tribal people – water resources: use and over-utilization of surface and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies – food resources: world food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies – energy resources: growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies – land resources: land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification – role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
Field study of local area to document environmental assets – river / forest / grassland / hill / mountain.
2. ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY 14
Concept of an ecosystem – structure and function of an ecosystem – producers, consumers and decomposers – energy flow in the ecosystem – ecological succession – food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids – introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the (a) forest ecosystem (b) grassland ecosystem (c) desert ecosystem (d) aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) – introduction to biodiversity – definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – biogeographical classification of India – value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – biodiversity at global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – hot-spots of biodiversity – threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – endangered and endemic species of India – conservation of biodiversity: in-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.
Field study of common plants, insects, birds
Field study of simple ecosystems – pond, river, hill slopes, etc.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 8
Definition – causes, effects and control measures of: (a) air pollution (b) water pollution (c) soil pollution (d) marine pollution (e) noise pollution (f) thermal pollution (g) nuclear hazards – solid waste management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes – role of an individual in prevention of pollution – pollution case studies – disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Field study of local polluted site – urban / rural / industrial / agricultural
4. SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 7
From unsustainable to sustainable development – urban problems related to energy – water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management – resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns, case studies – environmental ethics: issues and possible solutions – climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies. – wasteland reclamation – consumerism and waste products – environment production act – air (prevention and control of pollution) act – water (prevention and control of pollution) act – wildlife protection act – forest conservation act – issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation – public awareness.
5. HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 6
Population growth, variation among nations – population explosion – family welfare programme – environment and human health – human rights – value education – hiv / aids – women and child welfare – role of information technology in environment and human health – case studies.
TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Gilbert M.Masters, “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science”, Pearson Education Pvt., Ltd., Second Edition, ISBN 81-297-0277-0, 2004.
2. Miller T.G. Jr., “Environmental Science”, Wadsworth Publishing Co.
REFERENCES
1. Bharucha Erach, “The Biodiversity of India”, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad India.
2. Townsend C., Harper J and Michael Begon, “Essentials of Ecology”, Blackwell Science.
3. Trivedi R.K. and P.K. Goel, “Introduction to Air Pollution”, Techno-Science Publications.
4. Trivedi R.K., “Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and Standards”, Vol. I and II, Enviro Media.
5. Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani, “Environmental Encyclopedia”, Jaico Publ., House, Mumbai, 2001.
6. Wager K.D. “Environmental Management”, W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA, 1998.
PT1201 - MATERIALS ENGINEERING
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about the properties and testing of materials.
OBJECTIVES
• To study the mechanical behaviour of materials, types of fractures and testing
• To know the importance of phase diagram
• To understand the various diffusion processes and heat treatment of steel
UNIT I 9
Mechanical Behavior of materials – Stress – Strain curve, Elastic deformation- Characteristics of elastic deformations, atomic mechanism of elastic deformation, Inelastic deformation, Strain-Time curves, Damping capacity, Viscous deformation, Plastic deformation, Mechanism of plastic deformation- slip & twinning, Schmidt’s law, critical resolved shear stress.
UNIT II 9
Mechanical testing and fracture of materials – tensile test, stress-strain curves for ductile and brittle materials – mild steel, copper, proof stress, yield point phenomena, Luder’s bands, compression test, hardness test – various hardness tests. Impact test – ductile-brittle transitions. Fatigue- Stress cycles for fatigue testing, endurance limit, fatigue limit, S-N curve, Creep-curve, primary creep, secondary creep, tertiary creep. Fracture – ideal fracture stress, brittle fracture- Griffith’s theory- fracture toughness, ductile failure, cup & cone type fracture, fatigue failure.
UNIT III 9
Phase diagram – solid solutions, inter metallic compound, cooling curves, non-equilibrium cooling, phase rule, equilibrium diagrams – Isomorphous diagrams, Eutectic, Peritectic and eutectoid reactions with examples. Ferrous and non-ferrous alloys – Fe-C diagram, Effect of alloying elements on properties of steel, tool steel, heat resisting and die steel. Alloys of copper, aluminium, magnesium, nickel and zinc – compositions and their uses, bearing materials, brazing and soldering alloys. Polymeric and composite materials, metal matrix composites, ceramic, shape memory materials.
UNIT IV 9
Special diffusion process – Aluminizing, Siliconising, Boriding – Laser hardening, Electroplating-hard chrome & nickel plating - Hard dip coating, Cladding - Physical and chemical vapor deposition - Metal spraying – Plastics and rubber coating – Conversion coating – Coating of tools – TiC, TiN, Alumina and diamond coating of tools – Selection of coating of tools – Selection of coating for wear and corrosion resistance – Elastic materials – Applications.
UNIT V 9
Heat treatment of steel – Critical temperature and heating - Annealing- Spheroidzing- normalizing – hardening - Isothermal transformations – TTT diagram - tempering - austempering - martempering and ausforming. Hardenability and its testing. Selection of the steel – Case-hardening steel – Nitriding steels – Quenched and tempered steels – Fully-hardening steels – Corrosion-resistance steels – Maraging steels – Hard material alloys – Heat treatment of steels – Proper design for proper heat treatment – Stress-relief annealing – Preheating to the treatment temperature – Types of structure and their specific volume – Heat treatment of case-hardening steels – Heat treatment of nitriding steels – Heat treatment of quenched and tempered steels – Heat treatment of fully-hardening steels – Heat treatment of corrosion - resistance steels – Heat treatment of maraging steels.
TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. M. Arumugham, Material Science, Anuradha Agencies, 1st Ed., 1987.
2. G. E. Dieter, Mechanical metallurgy, McGraw-Hill, 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Klaus Stoeckhert, Mold making handbook for the Plastic engineers, Hanser Pub.
2. Data book on Plastics – CIPET, Chennai.
3. J. C. Anderson, K. D. Leaver, R. D.Rawlings, J. M. Alexander, Material Science,
4. Donald S. Clark and Wilbur R Warney, Physical metallurgy, Affltd. East west press.
5. C. W. Richards, Engineering material Science, Prentice Hall of India.
MA1201 - Mathematics – III
3 0 0 100
1. PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9
Formation – Solutions of standard types of first order equations – Lagrange’s equation – Linear partial differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients.
2. FOURIER SERIES 9
Dirichlet’s conditions – General Fourier series – Half range Sine and Cosine series – Parseval’s identity – Harmonic Analysis.
3. BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS 9
Classification of second order linear partial differential equations – Solutions of one – dimensional wave equation, one-dimensional heat equation – Steady state solution of two-dimensional heat equation – Fourier series solutions in Cartesian coordinates.
4. LAPLACE TRANSFORMS 9
Transforms of simple functions – Basic operational properties – Transforms of derivatives and integrals – Initial and final value theorems – Inverse transforms – Convolution theorem – Periodic functions – Applications of Laplace transforms for solving linear ordinary differential equations upto second order with constant coefficients and simultaneous equations of first order with constant coefficients.
5. FOURIER TRANSFORMS 9
Statement of Fourier integral theorem – Fourier transform pairs– Fourier Sine and Cosine transforms – Properties – Transforms of simple functions – Convolution theorem – Parseval’s identity.
TUTORIAL -15
TOTAL: 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Kreyszig, E., “Advanced Engineering Mathematics” (8th Edition), John Wiley and Sons, (Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore, 2000.
2. Grewal, B.S., “Higher Engineering Mathematics” (35th Edition), Khanna Publishers, Delhi 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Kandasamy, P., Thilagavathy, K., and Gunavathy, K., “Engineering Mathematics”, Volumes II & III (4th Revised Edition), S. Chand & Co., New Delhi, 2001.
2. Narayanan, S., Manicavachagom Pillay, T.K., Ramanaiah, G., “Advanced Mathematics for Engineering Students”, Volumes II & III (2ndEdition), S.Viswanathan (Printers & Publishers, Pvt., Ltd.) 1992.
3. Venkataraman, M.K. “Engineering Mathematics” Volumes III – A & B, 13th Edition National Publishing Company, Chennai, 1998.
PT1202 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY & TECHNOLOGY
3 0 0 100
AIM :
To learn about the various basic organic reactions, their mechanisms, preparation, properties and uses of monomers.
OBJECTIVES :
To get know about the basics of organic chemistry, mechanism of organic reactions; preparation, properties and uses of majority of the monomers involved in polymer formation.
UNIT I 12
Structure reactivity and mechanism: Classification and IUPAC Nomenclature of organic compounds. Bonding in organic molecules – Methane, ethylene, acetylene, and butadiene. Polarity of bonds (electron displacement effect) – Inductive – Electromeric – Conjugative - mesomeric and Resonance effects. Types of bond breakage- homolysis and heterolysis with examples, Stereochemistry: General idea of optical and stereoisomerisms, geometrical isomerism.
UNIT II 12
Types of reagents- Electrophiles and Nucleophiles, types of reactions – addition (>C=C<, >C=O) substitution – Electrophilic and Nucleophilic substitution - elimination and rearrangement reactions – Inter and Intra molecular rearrangement General conditions and mechanism of each of the above.
UNIT III 12
Natural gas – Synthesis gas – Petroleum and petroleum products – Coal and coal products –Cellulose and cellulose products.
Preparation, properties and uses of Ethylene - Propylene - Butadiene - Vinyl chloride – Vinylidiene chloride – Vinyl fluoride - Vinylidene fluoride – Vinyl acetate.
UNIT IV 12
Preparation, properties and uses of – Formaldehyde – Epicholorohydrin - Ethylene oxide - Propylene oxide – Ethylene glycol, Propylene glycol – Phenol - Bisphenol-A, Phthalic acid - Adipic acid - Maleic acid - Maleic anhydride - Phthalic anhydride.
UNIT V 12
Preparation, Properties and uses of Styrene – Hexa Methylene Diamine – Urea – Acrylic acid - Methacrylic acid - Acrylonitrile - Methyl methacrylate – Tolylenediisocyanate (TDI)- Hexamethylene di-isocyanate (MDI)- Diphenyl methane di-isocyanate. TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Morrison & Boyd, “Organic Chemistry”, Prentice Hall. New Delhi, 6th Edition, 1992.
2. B.S.Bahl and Arun Bhal, “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 15th Edition, 1998
REFERENCES
1. I.L.Finar, “Textbook of Organic Chemistry”, ELBS, 5th edition, 1996.
2. Jerry March, “Advanced Organic Chemistry”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1992.
3. A.Brydson, “Plastics materials”, Butterworth - Heinemann – Oxford, 1995.
4. K.J. Saunders, “Organic Polymer Chemistry”, Chapman and Hall Publishers.
PT1203 - PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY OF POLYMERS
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about the structures, conformations and orientation of polymeric materials.
OBJECTIVES
To understand
• Physical and conformational properties of polymeric materials
• Molecular arrangement in polymers and their orientation under the influence of stress.
• Solubility behaviour of polymers
UNIT I 9
Potential energy and conformational energy of molecules - Staggered and eclipsed states - conformations and configurations, isomeric states and isomerism in polymers - Tacticity, stereoisomerism, geometric isomerism - Unperturbed and Gaussian chains - Random coils and average end to end distance - Freely jointed and freely rotating chain models - Random flight analysis.
UNIT II 9
Thermodynamics - First and second law of Thermodynamics, Carnot cycle - Entropy and enthalpy - Energy driven and entropy driven elasticity - Thermoelasticity -Thermodynamic treatment of rubbers - entropic and energetic contributions to the elastic force in rubbers - Stastical mechanical theory.
UNIT III 9
Amorphous State - Transition temperatures - Glass transition temperature - Free volume, kinetic, and thermodynamic views of glass transition - Factors influencing glass transition temperature.
Crystalline State - Crystal systems, unit cells, primitive cell, Bravais lattices, polymorphism - Polymer single crystals, lamellae, spherulites, supermolecular structures, fringed micelle model - Degree of crystallinity, factors affecting crystallinity - X-ray diffraction.
UNIT IV 9
Chain orientation - Concept of chain orientation - orientation in amorphous and crystalline polymers - Uniaxial and biaxial orientation practical significance - Orientation processes - fibre spinning, blown film extrusion, solid state extrusion, profile extrusion - Properties of oriented polymers - Birefringence.
UNIT V 9
Polymer solutions - Terms and definitions, types of solutions - Hilderbrand approach, Flory Huggins theory - Thermodynamic view of miscibility, upper critical solution temperature (UCST), lower critical solution temperature (LCST) - Concentration regimes in polymer solutions - theta conditions.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. S. Glasstone and D. Lewis, Elements of Physical Chemistry, Macmillan India Press, Madras, 1995.
2. Paul C. Painter and Michael M. Coleman, Fundamentals of Polymer Science, Technomic Publishing Co. Inc., Lancaster, USA, 1994.
REFERENCES
1. Ulf W. Gedde, Polymer Physics, Chapman & Hall, 1995.
PT1204 - POLYMER CHEMISTRY
4 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the basic concepts of polymers, reactions and kinetics involved in polymerization and characterization.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the mechanism of polymerization, various techniques of polymerization, characterization of polymers by molecular weight, reactions and degradation of polymers
UNIT I 12
Basic concepts of macromolecules – Monomers- Functionality – Classification and nomenclature of polymers. Step growth polymerization – Mechanism – Kinetics – Bi-functional systems – Poly functional systems.
UNIT II 12
Addition polymerization Mechanism and kinetics of free radical- Cationic – Anionic polymerisation – Initiator systems – Chain length and degree of Polymerisation – Control of molecular weight – Chain transfer – Inhibition Coordination polymerisation – Mechanism – Kinetics- Ring opening polymerization – Diene polymerization.
UNIT III 12
Copolymerization – Mechanism and Kinetics of free radical – Ionic copolymerization Types of copolymers- Copolymer composition – Determination of Monomer reactivity ratios. Polymerization techniques – Bulk polymerization – Solution polymerization – Suspension polymerization – Emulsion polymerization – Interfacial condensation.
UNIT IV 12
Molecular weight – Molecular weight averages – Molecular weight distribution – Unidispersity, polydispersity, degree of polymerization - Molecular weight determination - Basic concepts of end group analysis, colligative properties, osmametry, light scattering, and gel permeation chromatography - Viscosity of polymers solutions, size of the polymer molecules.
UNIT V 12
Chemical reactions of polymers – Hydrolysis – Acidolysis – Aminolysis- Hydrogenation – Addition and substitution reactions – cross linking reactions. Polymer degradation – Mechanical degradation – Mechano-chemical degradation – Oxidative degradation – Hydrolytic degradation – Photo degradation.
TOTAL : 60
Text Books
1. F.W. Billmeyer, “Textbook of Polymer Science”, Wiley international publishers, 1984.
2. Joel R. Fried, “Polymer Science and Technology”, Prentice Hall, NJ, 1995
References
1. JM.G. Cowie, “Polymers: Chemistry and Physics of Modern Materials”, Blackie, and London, 1991.
2. R.J. Young and P.Lovell, “Introduction to Polymers”, 2nd Ed., Chapman & Hall, 1991.
3. Premamoy Ghosh, “Polymer Science and Technology of Plastics and Rubbers”, Tata McGraw - Hill, New Delhi, 1990.
PT1205 - POLYMER / ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LAB
0 0 3 100
Lab Requirements
Bunsen Burner 15Nos
Electronic Balance 1 No
Thermostatic Water bath 2 Nos
Melting Point Apparatus 1 No
Retort Stand 15Nos
Polymer Samples and Glass wares
Identification of polymers by simple methods like density, melting point, burning characteristics, solubility and confirmatory test by chemical analysis.
A. PLASTICS
1. Polyethylene
2. Polypropylene
3. Polystyrene
4. Polyvinyl Chloride
5. Polyamide
6. Polyethylene terephthalate
7. Polybutylene terephthalate
8. Polycarbonate
9. Polyacetal
10. Polyphenylene oxide
11. Polyphenylene sulphide
12. Phenol Formaldehyde
13. Urea formaldehyde
14. Melamine formaldehyde
B. IDENTIFICATION OF RUBBERS BY SIMPLE METHODS
1. Natural Rubber (NR)
2. Polybutylene Rubber (BR)
3. Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR)
4. Isoprene Rubber (IR)
5. Isobutiene Isoprene Rubber (IIR)
6. Chloroprene Rubber (CR)
7. Acrylonitrile – Butadiene Rubber (NBR)
8. Silicone Rubber
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCE
1. CIPET publications
PT1206 - ORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
0 0 3 100
Lab Requirements
Conical flask 15 No.
Liebig condenser 15 No
Round bottom flask 15 No.
Burette 15 No.
Pipette 15 No.
Iodine flask 15 No.
Test tubes 01 Gross
Test tube holder 15 No.
Tongs 15 No.
Bunsen burner 15 No.
Chemicals -------
PART A: Identification of Organic compounds of the following types:
1. Alcohols
2. Aldehydes
3. ketones
4. Carboxylic acids
5. Esters
6. Amines
7. Amides
8. Carbohydrates
9. Halogen compounds
10. Phenols
PART – B: Single step preparation of organic compounds by the following methods
1. Nitration
2. Acetylation
3. Bromination
4. Oxidation
5. Hydrolysis
II. Quantitative Estimation of
1. Phenol
2. Acetone
3. Urea
4. Formaldehyde
5. Methyl Methacrylate
6. Acrylonitrile
TOTAL: 45
REFERENCES
1. A.I. Vogel, Organic Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis.
MA1258 - MATHEMATICS IV
3 1 0 100
UNIT I - PROBABILTY AND RANDOM VARIABLES 12
Probability concepts, Random variables, Moments, Moment Generating function, Binomial, Poisson, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Exponential, Gamma, Weibull Distributions, Functions of Random Variable, Chebycnev inequality.
UNIT II - LINEAR PROGRAMMING 12
Formulation of linear programming problem, Graphical solution, simplex algorithm, artificial variable and the M-method, degeneracy, alternative optima and unbounded solution.
UNIT III - FURTHER TOPICS IN LINEAR PROGRAMMING 12
Duality, primal dual computations, transportation model and algorithm, Assignment model and Hungarian technique of solution, imbalance, cost maximization alternative optima in transportation and assignment method.
UNIT IV - IMPROPER INTEGRALS AND SERIES SOLUTIONS 12
Improper integrals – Gamma and Beta functions, Series solutions – Ordinary point, regular singular point of second order linear ordinary differential equation, series solution to second order linear differential equation about an ordinary point and a regular singular point.
UNIT V - DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND Z TRANSFORMS 12
Linear difference equation with constant coefficients, elementary properties of z – Transform, applications of z transform, applications of z – Transform to difference equation.
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Miller, and J.E. Freund, Probability and statistics for Engineers, Prentice hall of India, New Delhi, 1977.
2. T.A. Taha, Operations Research, An Introduction, Mc Millan New York 1976.
REFERENCES
1. Kanti Swarup, P.K.Guptha, and Manmohan, Operations Research, Sultan chand & sons New Delhi 1982.
2. L.A. Andrews, Special functions for scientists and Engrs., McGraw-Hill, 1992.
3. L.C. Androws, and B.K. Shivamoggi, Integral Transforms for Engineers and applied mathematicians. Macmillan, New York, 1988.
4. S.Narayanan, Manicavachagam Pillay – Advanced Mathematics for Engg. Students Vol. II – S.Viswanathan Printers, Madras.
5. B.S.Grewal, Higher Engg Mathematics, Khanna Publishers.
6. J.N. Kapur, and H.C. Saxena, Mathematical statistics, S.Chand & Co.
PT1251 - MOULD ENGINEERING
3 1 0 100
AIM
• To learn the techniques employed in mould making.
OBJECTIVES
• To study the mould making techniques such as metal cutting, metal erosion, metal deposition, metal displacement and mould polishing
UNIT I 12
Mold Making: Introduction of mold parts, Mechanism of metal cutting, types of tools, influence of tool angles, Cutting fluids, Tool materials used including coated tools. Studies of various machining operations: Turning, Shaping, Planning, Drilling, Grinding (Surface, Cylindrical, Tool & Cutter, Rotary Grinding), Milling (Horizontal / Copy Milling / Vertical / Ram / Tool Milling).
UNIT II 12
Die sinking (copy milling), Pentograph, Profile grinding, Electrical discharge machining – Characteristics, physical processes, special technological features, types of EDM, design consideration & functions and technological planning. Applications of wire cut EDM in mold making.
UNIT III 12
Electroforming for mold manufacturing – discussion of the process, materials for electroforming, design & materials for models, machining for electroformed blanks, mold cavities, economy & service life.
Hobbing for mold making – Discussion of the hobbing process & its advantages, elements of hobbing like hobbing punch, shape of the hob, materials used for cavity, lubrication, and depth of hobbing, Hobbing presses, Hobbing operations & its economy with examples.
UNIT IV 12
Polishing technology in mold making: Definition of surface roughness, basis of polishing technology, Effect of mold materials on polishability, Types of polishing tools, Methods of polishing - Basic information on Electro sonic polishing – Principles of Electro deposition in damaged molding surfaces.
Surface Texturing of molds – Process description, types of molds, types of patterns and mold shapes, metals that can be etched, mold preparation, limitations of chemical texturing.
UNIT V 12
Metrology and inspection: Scope of inspection, Procedures, Choices of basic measuring instruments, Vernier, Micrometer, Surface Plates, Angle plates, Squares, Vernier height gauges, Depth gauges, Slip gauges, Dial gauges, Surface roughness measurement, Hardness testing, Comparators, Optical profiles projectors, Tool makers microscope, Optical flats – types and uses.
TOTAL: 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Klus Stokhert (Edt.), Mold making handbook for Plastic Engineers, Hanser Publishers, NY, 1983
2. HMT Production Technology, TMH (India), 1992
REFERENCES
1. Bhattacharya, A New Technology, IB Publishers, 1984
2. P.C.Pandey & H. S. Shah, Modern Machining Processes, TMH, 1990
3. R.G.W.Pye, Injection Mold Design, East West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
4. Stoeckhert & Menning, Mold making handbook, 2nd edition, Hanser Publishers, Munich.
5. W.A.J Chapman, Workshop Technology, Vol I & II, ELBS.
6. Herbert Rees, Mold Engineering, Hanser Publishers, NY.
7. George Menges & Paul Mohren, How To Make Injection Molds, Hanser Publishers.
PT1252 - POLYMER STRUCTURE AND PROPERTY RELATIONSHIP
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To emphasize the relationship between the structure and properties of polymers.
OBJECTIVES
To understand
• The structure of polymers and prediction of polymer properties
• The relationship between polymer structure and properties such as mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and chemical properties
UNIT I 9
Structure of polymers - Linear, branched, crosslinked, and network polymers - Homochain and hetero atomic chain polymers - Copolymers - Linear and cyclic arrangement - Prediction of polymer properties, group contribution techniques, topological techniques- Volumetric properties - molar volume, density, Van der Waals volume - Coefficient of linear thermal expansion and volumetric thermal expansion - Pressure volume temperature (PVT) relationship.
UNIT II 9
Mechanical properties - Stress-strain properties of polymers - Effect of polymer structure on modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength, yield strength, fracture toughness - Crazing in glassy polymers - Ductile brittle transition. Effect of additives on mechanical properties of polymers - Creep, stress relaxation, and fatigue.
UNIT III 9
Thermodynamic and transition properties - Transition temperature in polymers, glass transition (Tg), melt transition (Tm), relationship between Tg and Tm - other transitions like β-transitions, upper and lower glass transition temperatures - Prediction of Tg and Tm of polymers by group contributions.
Calorimetric properties - Heat capacity, specific heat, latent heat of crystallization and fusion, enthalpy and entropy - Calculation of heat capacities of polymers.
UNIT IV 9
Electrical and optical properties - Effect of polymer structure on dielectric constant, power factor, dissipation factor, and loss factor - effect of frequency of voltage and temperature on dielectric properties - Prediction of molar polarization and effective dipole moment. Effect of additives on electrical properties of polymers.
Optical properties - Effect of polymer structure on optical properties - clarity, transparency, haze, transmittance, reflectance, and gloss - Prediction of refractive indices of polymers by group contributions, Static charges, volume & surface resistivity, arc resistance.
UNIT V 9
Chemical Properties - Cohesive energy, cohesive energy density, solubility parameter, determination of solubility parameter of polymers - Prediction of solubility parameter -Effect of polymer structure on solubility in solvents and oils - Influence of structure in prediction of flame retardancy, water repellency - Chemical resistance of polymers - Polymer toxicity.
TOTAL: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. D.W. Van Krevelen And P.J. Hoftyzen, “Properties Of Polymer, 3rd Edition Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company Amsterdam – Oxford – New York. 1990.
2. J.E. Mark Ed. AIP, Physical Properties Of Polymers Hand Book, Williston, Vt, 1996.
REFERENCES
1. D.A.Seanor, ed., Electrical properties of polymers, Academic press, New York, 1982.
2. Jozef.Bicerano, Prediction Of Polymer Properties, Second Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, 1995.
3. J.M.Margolis (Ed.), Engineering Thermoplastics Properties & Applications, Marcel Dekker, New York 1985.
4. R.J.Samuels, Structured Polymer Properties, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
5. I.M.Ward & D.W.Hadley, An Introduction to the Mechanical Properties of Solid Polymers, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England, 1993.
6. C.C.Ku & R.Liepins, Electrical Properties of Polymers, Hanser Publications, Munich, 1987.
7. F. Bueche, Physical properties of polymers, Wiley, New York, 1962.
8. J.Mort & G.Pfister, eds., Electronic properties of polymers, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1982.
PT1253 -PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
3 0 0 100
UNIT I 9
Classification of Unit Operations
Heat transfer–Modes of HT, Fourier’s law of heat conduction, steady state conduction across composite walls, cylinder and hollow sphere. Insulated bodies. Film concept and convective heat transfer coefficient. Convection – Heat transfer by natural & forced convection. Heat transfer in laminar & turbulent flow, Counter current, parallel and cross flows. Individual and overall heat transfer coefficients. LMTD
UNIT II 9
Heat exchange equipments – double pipe and shell and tube heat exchangers, condensers (Equipment description & solution to simple problems)
Mass Transfer – Principles of diffusion, theory of diffusion, Mass transfer coefficients and film theory Penetration theory.
Distillation – Vapour liquid equilibria, Simple distillation, Steam distillation, Continuous binary distillation. Industrial equipments for distillation.
UNIT III 9
Agitation of liquids - Types of impellers. Selection criteria. Power consumption calculations for agitated vessels.
Absorption – Principle and equipment (packed towers and plate columns).
Adsorption – Principle and equipment for absorption.
UNIT IV 9
Drying – Principles and definitions. Rate of batch drying. Equipments for drying.
Humidification – Humidity and saturation, dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures, percentage saturation, dew point, humid volume, humid heat, enthalpy. Equipment – Water - cooling towers, spray chambers.
UNIT V 9
Membrane Separation Processes – Separation of gases and liquids, Dialysis, Membrane liquid-liquid extraction, prevapour and reverse osmosis.
Size reduction Laws of crushing, Equipment–classification, Crushers and grinders.
Mechanical separations–Screening and screening equipments, Filtration– principle and filtration equipment (filter press, shell and leaf filter, rotary drum filter, centrifugal filter, centrifuges), filter media, filter aids. Gravity settlers. Cyclones and hydro cyclones.
(Basic principles and equipment description only. Mathematical consideration not required for Size Reduction & Mechanical Separation)
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. W.L .Mc Cabe, J.C. Smith, “Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering”, McGraw-Hill, 1993.
2. W.L.Badger, J.T. Banchero. “Introduction to Chemical Engineering”, McGraw-Hill, UK, 1997.
REFERENCES
1. Richardson and Coulson, “Chemical Engineering”, Vol. 1 & Vol. 2, Asian Books Pvt. Ltd., India, 1996.
2. Chemical Engineer’s handbook - Perry and Chilton.
3. Principles of Unit Operations - Foust A.S., Walzel.L.A. , John Wiley.
PT1254 – STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To acquire knowledge on behaviour of materials on application of load.
OBJECTIVES
• To study the behavior and failure pattern of different materials under different loading conditions
• Design of structural member under given loading conditions
UNIT I 9
Elasticity: Stress and strain, compressive, tensile, shear and bearing stress – Stress – strain diagram, Hooks law, modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity, bulk modulus of rigidity, bulk modulus, Poisson’s ratio. Relationship between elastic constants and temperature stresses, composite bars.
UNIT II 9
Properties of section, calculation of areas, centroid, neutral axis, moment of inertia, modulus of section, radius of gyration with reference to structural shapes.
UNIT III 9
Theory of simple bending – relationship between load shearing force and bending moment. Bending moment and shear force diagram for cantilever, simple supported and over hanging beams – bending and shear stresses. Torsion in solid and hollow shafts – combined bending and torsion.
UNIT IV 9
Principal stresses and strains - Thin cylinders and shells subjected to internal pressures.
UNIT V 9
Deflection – deflection of beams in simple cases column and struts – long and short columns – axial loading – effect of end conditions – equivalent length and slenderness ratio – Euler and Rankine formulae.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. R.S. Khurmi, Applied Mechanics and Strength of Materials S.Chand & Co., (6th ed), New Delhi, 1987.
2. P.N. Singh and I.K.Jha, Elementary Mechanics and Solids, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi.
PT1255 -THERMOPLASTIC MATERIALS
4 0 0 100
AIM
• To learnt about the various methods of preparation, properties and applications of thermoplastic materials.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the methods of preparation, properties and applications of thermoplastic materials covering commodity, engineering and high performance plastics.
UNIT I 12
Methods of manufacturing – Properties and applications of polyethylene – LDPE – HDPE- LLDPE, HMWHDPE- UHMWHDPE - Crosslinked polyethylene- Chlorinated polyethylene – Polypropylene – Homopolymers – Copolymers.
UNIT II 12
Methods of manufacturing – Properties and applications of poly(vinyl chloride)- Poly (vinylidene chloride)- Poly(vinyl alcohol) – Poly(vinyl acetate)- Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride)- Plastisols, Polystyrene, HIPS, EPS, SAN, ABS.
UNIT III 12
Methods of manufacturing – properties and applications of Acrylates – Poly (methyl methacrylate)- Polyacrylonitrile. Aliphatic polyamides –Aromatic polyamides – Polyethylene terephthalate - Polybutylene terephthalate - Polyacetals and copolymers – Polycarbonates.
UNIT IV 12
Methods of manufacturing – Properties and applications of Fluoro polymers – Polytetrafluoroethylene, Polychlorofluoroethylene, Thermoplastic polyurethanes, Cellulose nitrate – Cellulose acetate- ethyl cellulose- Cellulose esters.
UNIT V 12
Preparation, properties and applications of High performance Thermoplastic materials- PPS, PPO, Polysulphone, Polyether Sulphone, PEEK, Polymide.
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.A.Brydson, “Plastics Materials”, Butterworth- Heinemann – Oxford, 6th Ed., 1995.
2. Feldman.D and Barbalata.A, “Synthetic Polymers”, Chapman Hall, 1996.
REFERENCES
1. Olagoke Olabisi, “Hand Book of Thermoplastics”, Marcel Decker, inc., 1997
2. K.J. Saunders, “Organic Polymer chemistry”, Chapman & Hall, NY, 1988.
3. Irvin.I. Rubin, “Hand Book of Plastic Materials and Technology”, Wiley Interscience, NY, 1990.
PT1256 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LAB
0 0 3 100
AIM:
LAB REQUIREMENTS
Fluidized bed 1 No.
Packed bed 1 No.
Stop watch 2 No.
Measuring cylinder (1 Lit) 2 No.
Sieve shaker and sieve set 1 No.
Ball mill 1 No.
Jaw crusher 1 No.
Electronic balance 1 No.
Plastics tray 2 No.
Friction pipe apparatus 1 No.
Single speed centrifugal pump 1 No.
Venturi meter apparatus 1 No.
Orifice/mouth piece apparatus 1 No.
Stop watch 4 No.
Meter scale 4 No.
Vernier caliper 2 No
Flow measuring meters 3 No.
Stop watch 2 No.
Thermometer 5 No.
Tacho meter 1 No.
Measuring jar (2 lit and 1 Lit each one) 2 No.
Air compressor 1 No.
Parallel and counter flow heat exchanger 1 No.
Stephen Boltzman apparatus 1 No.
Thermal conductivity Apparatus 1 No.
1. Flow through rough and smooth pipes.
2. Centrifugal pump.
3. Calibration of orifice meter.
4. Air compressor
5. Calibration of rotameter
6. Pressure drop in packed bed
7. Fluidization
8. Flow through weirs
9. Air-lift pump.
10. Open orifice and drainage time
11. Thermal conductivity of solids.
12. Heat exchanger
13. Stefan-Boltzman constant
14. Jaw crusher
15. Ball Mill
16. Screening efficiency.
17. Simple distillation
18. Steam distillation
(Any Nine Experiments)
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES
1. W.L. Mc cabe and J.C Smith, Unit operations In Chemical Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1976.
2. W.L. Badger and J.P Bancro, Introduction to Chemical Engineering, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1982.
PT1257 - MOLD ENGINEERING LAB
0 0 3 100
AIM:
• To learn the techniques employed in mould making.
OBJECTIVES:
• To study the mould making techniques such as metal cutting, metal erosion, metal deposition, metal displacement and mould polishing.
LAB REQUIREMENTS
Shaping machine 5 No.
Vertical milling machine 2 No.
Horizontal milling machine 2 No
Lathe 15 No.
Plain surface grinding machine 1 No.
Bench grinder 2 No.
Vernier caliper 2 No.
Vernier height gauge 2 No.
Sine bar 2 No.
Sine center 1 No.
Gear tooth vernier caliper 1 No.
1) Exercise on Shaping machine – making square rod from round rod and cutting V- groove.
2) Exercise on Plain Milling.
3) Exercise on Vertical Milling.
4) Screw Cutting on lathe – external thread.
5) Exercise on Surface Grinding.
6) Exercise on Slotting Machine.
7) Grinding of Cutting tools.
8) Study of different types of Cutting tools.
9) Measurements using Micrometer, vernier, Height gauge and Slip gauge.
10) Measurement of angles and tapers.
11) Checking of straightness using auto collimeter.
12) Application of Dial gauge.
(Any 8 experiments from the above)
TOTAL : 45
MA1351 - NUMERICAL METHODS
3 1 0 100
AIM :
• To apply mathematical principles to engineering problems and design of process equipments.
1. SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS 9
Iterative method, Newton – Raphson method for single variable and for simultaneous equations with two variables. Solutions of linear system by Gaussian, Gauss-Jordan, Jacobi and Gauss – Seidel methods. Inverse of a matrix by Gauss – Jordan method. Eigen value of a matrix by power and Jacobi methods.
2.INTERPOLATION 9
Newton’s divided difference formula, Lagrange’s and Hermite’s polynomials. Newton forward and backward difference formulae. Stirling’s and Bessel’s Central difference formulae.
3.NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION 9
Numerical differentiation with interpolation polynomials, Numerical integration by Trapezoidal and Simpson’s (both 1/3rd and 3/8th) rules. Two and three point Gaussian quadrature formula. Double integrals using Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.
4.INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9
Single step Methods – Taylor Series, Euler and Modified Euler, Runge – Kutta method of order four for first second order differential equations. Multistep methods-Milne and Adam’s Bashforth predictor and corrector methods.
5.BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9
Finite difference solution for the second order ordinary differential equations. Finite difference solution for one dimensional heat equation (both implicit and explicit), one dimensional wave equation and two dimensional laplace and poisson equations.
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Sastry, S.S., “Introduction of Numerical Analysis (Third Edition)”, Printice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998.
2. Gerald C.F., Wheatley P.O., “Applied Numerical Analysis (Fifth Edition)”, Addison – Wesley, Singapore, 1998.
REFERENCES
1. Kandasamy, P., Thilakavthy, K and Gunavathy, K. “Numerical Methods”, S.Chand and Co., New Delhi, 1999.
2. Grewal B.S., Grewal J.S., “Numerical Methods in Engineering and Science”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 1999.
3. Jain M.K., Iyengar S.R.K and Jain R.K., “Numerical Methods for Engineering and Scientific Computation (Third Edition)”, New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1995.
4. Narayanan S., Manickavachakam Pillai K. and Ramanaiah G., “Advanced Mathematics for Engineering Students Vol.-III”, S.Viswanathan Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, 1993.
GE1301 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES
4 0 0 100
AIM :
• To import knowledge on moral issues
OBJECTIVES
• To create an awareness on Engineering Ethics and Human Values.
• To instill Moral and Social Values and Loyalty
• To appreciate the rights of Others
1.HUMAN VALUES 10
Morals, Values and Ethics – Integrity – Work Ethic – Service Learning – Civic Virtue – Respect for Others – Living Peacefully – caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Valuing Time – Co-operation – Commitment – Empathy – Self-Confidence – Character – Spirituality
2.ENGINEERING ETHICS 9
Senses of 'Engineering Ethics' - variety of moral issued - types of inquiry - moral dilemmas - moral autonomy - Kohlberg's theory - Gilligan's theory - consensus and controversy – Models of Professional Roles - theories about right action - Self-interest - customs and religion - uses of ethical theories.
3.ENGINEERING AS SOCIAL EXPERIMENTATION 9
Engineering as experimentation - engineers as responsible experimenters - codes of ethics - a balanced outlook on law - the challenger case study
4.SAFETY, RESPONSIBILITIES AND RIGHTS 9
Safety and risk - assessment of safety and risk - risk benefit analysis and reducing risk - the three mile island and chernobyl case studies.
Collegiality and loyalty - respect for authority - collective bargaining - confidentiality - conflicts of interest - occupational crime - professional rights - employee rights - Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) - discrimination.
5.GLOBAL ISSUES 8
Multinational corporations - Environmental ethics - computer ethics - weapons development - engineers as managers-consulting engineers-engineers as expert witnesses and advisors -moral leadership-sample code of Ethics (Specific to a particular Engineering Discipline).
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. Mike Martin and Roland Schinzinger, “Ethics in engineering”, McGraw-Hill, New York 1996.
2. Govindarajan M, Natarajan S, Senthil Kumar V. S, “Engineering Ethics”, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2004.
REFERENCES
1. Charles D. Fleddermann, “Engineering Ethics”, Pearson Education / Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2004 (Indian Reprint now available)
2. Charles E Harris, Michael S. Protchard and Michael J Rabins, “Engineering Ethics – Concepts and Cases”, Wadsworth Thompson Leatning, United States, 2000 (Indian Reprint now available)
3. John R Boatright, “Ethics and the Conduct of Business”, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2003.
4. Edmund G Seebauer and Robert L Barry, “Fundamentals of Ethics for Scientists and Engineers”, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2001.
PT1301 - ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERISATION OF POLYMERS
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To familiarize the techniques of identification and analysis of polymers.
OBJECTIVES
To prepare the students with methodology for facing the industrial and academic challenges in
• Identifying various polymers
• Controlling the quality of incoming raw materials and processing
• Characterizing different fluid of polymers
• Analyzing polymers through various instrumental methods
UNIT I 9
Identification and Analysis: Identification of rubbers and plastics by simple physical methods; by chemical analysis, application of instrumental techniques for identification of polymers and additives.
Thermoplastics – melting point, density, viscosity, melt flow index, K-value.
Thermosets – moisture analysis, particle size, apparent density, spiral flow test, cupflow test, gel time and peak exothermic temperature. Resins – acid value, hydroxyl value, isocyanate index, epoxy equivalent
UNIT II 9
Specifications, Quality control and processability tests: Rubber latex and dry rubber – cup viscosity, total alkalinity, total solids, dry rubber content, volatile matter, KOH number, mechanical stability and heat stability, Plasticity, plasticity retention index (PRI), scorch time and cure characteristics (plastimeter, Mooney viscometer, oscillating disc rheometer)
UNIT III 9
Molecular Characterization of Polymers: Determination of molecular weight, viscometry, end group analysis, colligative property, osmometry, light scattering technique, determination of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, gel permeation chromatography.
UNIT IV 9
Thermal Analysis of Polymers: Differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), thermomechanical analysis (TMA), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA).
UNIT V 9
Physical Methods of Analysis: X-ray diffraction (Wide angle and small angle), Infrared spectroscopy (IR & FTIR), Nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer (NMR), GC – Mass spectrometer, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Chermisinoff, Polymer Characterization – Laboratory Techniques and Analysis.
2. Hunt & James, Polymer Characterization, Chapman & Hall, London, 1993
REFERENCES
1. Hoffman, Rubber technology Handbook, Hanser Publishers, Munich 1996
2. ASTM - 9.01 & 9.02; 8.01 & 8.04, 2000
3. Kampff, Characterization of Plastics using physical methods, Experimental techniques and practical applications.
4. D. Campbell & J.R. White, Polymer Characterization, Chapman & Hall, 1989.
CS1311 - COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learnt “C” and java programming.
OBJECTIVES
To understand
• Preparing methodologies, basics of C++, classes, inheritance, and polymorphism templates and brief details on java programming
1. INTRODUCTION 9
Programming methodologies – comparison – Object oriented concepts – Basics of C++ environment.
2. CLASSES 9
Definition – Data members – Access specifiers – Constructors – Default constructors – Copy constructors – Destructors – Static members – This pointer – Constant members – Free store operators – Control statements.
3. INHERITANCE AND POLYMORPHISM 9
Overloading operators – Functions – Friends – Class derivation – Virtual functions – Abstract base classes – Multiple inheritance.
4.TEMPLATES 9
Class templates – Function templates – Exception handling – Streams.
5. JAVA PROGRAMMING 9
Java environment – Classes –Definition – Field methods – Object creation – Constructors – Overloading methods – Static members – This keyword – Nested classes – Extending classes – members accessibility – overriding – methods – Abstract classes – Interfaces.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Bjarne Stroustrup, “The C++ Programming Language”, Addison Wesley, 2000
2. Ken Arnold, James Gosling, “The JAVA Language”, II edition, Addison Wesley, 1998.
REFERENCES
1. E. Balaguruswamy, “Object Oriented Programming with C++”, II edition, TMH, 2001
2. Herbert Schildt, “C++ The Complete Reference”, TMH, 1997
3. Stanley B. Lipman. Jore Lajoie, “C++ Primer”, III edition, Addison Wesley, 2000
4. Barkakati. N, “Object Oriented Programming in C++”, PHI, 1995
5. Kris Jamsa, “Java Programming – A Complete Reference”, Galgotia Publication, 1994.
6. Patrick Naughton, Herbert Schildt, “Java Complete Reference”, TMH, 1997.
PT1302 -PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY – I
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the basic processing methods employed for plastics.
OBJECTIVES
• To study different plastic processing techniques such as injection, blow moulding and thermoforming
• To learn about various compounding machinery and technology
UNIT I 9
Introduction to polymer processing – Plastics processing techniques – Selection of plastic materials – Selection of additives - General considerations in formulation – Methods of incorporation of additives - Mixing and compounding equipment.
UNIT II 9
Injection moulding –terminology – Process description- Theory of injection moulding – Design and consideration -moulding cycle – Classification and functions of moulds – Cavity lay out – Setting up of mould – Trouble shooting operations.
UNIT III 9
Types Injection unit & Elements of plasticating process – Classification of screw – Screw design – Process control – Clamping unit – Classification of Machine Hydraulics – Ancillary equipment – Computer operation
UNIT IV 9
Blow moulding – terminology – Basis in blow moulding - Process variables – Injection & stretch blow moulding – Single and multi layer. Extrusion blow moulding – Extrusion heads, moulding process controls for blow moulding – Machine, process and product controls.
UNIT V
9
Thermoforming – Definition – Methods of forming. Thermoforming machinery – Heating of sheet – Heating cycle - Stretching – Concept – Hot strength- Bustering – Sags - Cooling and trimming the parts – Heat balance – Shrinkage –Trimming operations.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. D.V. Rosato Kluwer, “Injection Moulding Handbook”, Academic Publishers Boston 2nd Edition 1995.
2. Richard C. Progelhof James. L. Throne, “Polymer Engg. Principles”, Hanser Publisher Munich 1993.
REFERENCES
1. N.P. Charemisinoff & P.N. Chere, “Handbook of Applied Polymer Processing Tech”, Marcel Dekker, Inc, NY 1996.
2. Herbert Recs, “Understanding of Injection Moulding Tech.”, Hanser Pub., Munich 1994.
PT1303 - THERMOSETS AND POLYMER ADDITIVES
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the preparation, properties and uses of thermosets and various additives employed in compounding.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand various raw materials used for thermo set resins; synthesis, properties and applications of thermosets.
• To understand various types of additives used for compounding and mechanism of action
UNIT I 9
Methods of manufacturing- properties, curing characteristic and applications of unsaturated polyesters. Phenol formaldehyde resin-urea formaldehyde resin-melamine formaldehyde resin
UNIT II 9
Methods of manufacturing-properties curing characteristic and applications of epoxies-diglycidylether of bisphenol-A resins,epoxy-novalacs, cycloaliphatic epoxies.
UNIT III 9
Methods of manufacturing, properties, curing characteristic and applications of thermoset polyurathenes- cast polyurethane rubber-malleable gums-flexible foams-rigid foams. silicones - inorganic polymers (brief description only).
UNIT IV 9
Additives for plastics, Properties and technical requirements of additives. Classification, Types, Chemistry and Mechanism, advantages, Limitations, selection of additives such as Stabilizers, Antioxidants, UV-stabilizers, Lubricants, Plasticizers, Fillers & reinforcements.
UNIT V 9
Processing Aids, Toughening agents, Antistatic agents, Antiblocking agents, Slip and Antislip agents, Mold release agents, nucleating agents, Flame Retardants, Blowing agents, Colorants, Master batch and Colour matching.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. J.A.Brydson, “Plastics materials”, Butterworth- Heinemann – Oxford, 6th Ed., 1995.
2. K.J. Saunders, “Organic Polymer Chemistry”, Chapman & Hall, 1988.
3. Feldman.D and Barbalata.A, “Synthetic Polymers”, Chapman & Hall, 1996.
REFERENCE
1. Irvin .I. Rubin, Hand Book of Plastic Materials and Technology, Wiley Interscience, NY, 1990.
PT1304 - COMPUTER PROGRAMMING LAB
0 0 3 100
LAB REQUIREMENTS
1. Computer Systems 30 Nos
2. Softwares for C++ and Java
1. C++ PROGRAMMING
a. Simple C++ program
b. Function overloading
c. Operator overloading
d. Inheritance
e. Virtual functions and Dynamic binding
f. File handling
g. Exception handling
II. JAVA PROGRAMMING
i. Simple Java programs
ii. Inheritance
iii. Event handling programs
P: 45, TOTAL: 45
PT1305 -POLYMER PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION LABORATORY
0 0 3 100
AIM
• To familiarize the techniques of identification and analysis of polymers
OBJECTIVES
• To prepare the students with Methodology for facing the Industrial and academic challenges in
- Identifying various polymers
- Controlling the quality of incoming raw materials and processing
- Analyzing polymers through various instrumental methods
LAB REQUIREMENTS
1. Magnetic stirrer 10 Nos.
2. Thermostatic Water bath 2 Nos.
3. Vacuum Pump 1 No.
4. Heating Mantle 10 Nos.
5. Water distillation set up 1 No.
6. Bunsen burner 15 Nos.
7. Electronic balance 2 Nos.
8. Air oven 1 No.
9. Melting point apparatus 1 No
10. Retard stand 15 Nos.
1. Preparation of phenol – formaldehyde (Novalac) resin.
2. Preparation of phenol – formaldehyde (Resol) resin.
3. Preparation of Urea formaldehyde resin.
4. Preparation of Bisphenol – A epoxy resin.
5. Preparation of Unsaturated polyester resin.
6. Preparation of a polyester using Diethylene glycol & adipic acid.
7. Bulk polymerization of styrene.
8. Emulsion Polymerisation of styrene.
9. Solution Polymerisation of acrylonitrile.
10. Solution Polymerisation of vinyl acetate.
11. Suspension Polymerisation of Methyl methacrylate.
12. Copolymerisation of styrene and methyl methacrylate.
TOTAL: 45
GE1302 - COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND TECHNICAL SEMINAR
0 2 0 -
OBJECTIVE
• During the seminar session each student is expected to prepare and present a topic on engineering/ technology, for a duration of about 8 to 10 minutes. Three periods per week are to be allotted and 15 students are expected to present the seminar, A faculty guide is to be allotted and he / she will guide and monitor the progress of the student and maintain attendance also.
• Students are encouraged to use various teaching aids such as over head projectors, power point presentation and demonstrative models.
• This will enable them to gain confidence in facing the placement interviews.
PT1351 - MOULD AND DIE DESIGN
3 1 0 100
AIM
• To get a basic understanding in design of moulds.
OBJECTIVES
• To learn the design of moulds such as injection, compression, transfer, blow and extrusion dies and moulds.
UNIT I 12
Classification of Injection Moulds – Methodical Mould Design – Number of Cavities, Selection of Injection Moulding Machine, Layout of Cavities in multi-impression Mould, Feed Systems – Design of Runners & gate, Ejection Systems, Cooling Systems, Venting – Other aspects in Injection Mould Design.
UNIT II 12
Classification of Compression Moulds – Factors that Influence Thermoset Moulding – Materials Selection in Relation to Moulding Conditions, Design of Mould Cavity – Advantages and Disadvantages of Compression moulds.
UNIT III 12
Transfer Moulding – Types, principles, Design of Pot and Plunger, Feed System, Economic determination of the number of cavities, Technological determination of the number of cavities, design of mould cavity, design of loading chamber, Heat losses and energy requirement to heat the mould – Advantages and disadvantages of Transfer mould.
UNIT IV 12
Blow Mould Design – Materials Selection, Mould Cooling, Clamping Force, Mould Venting, Pinch-off, Head die design, Parison Diameter Calculation, Wall Thickness, Vertical-load strength, Blow ratio, Base pushup, Highlights, Rigidizing, Shapes, Design based consideration – Shrinkage, Neck and Shoulder Design, Thread and beads, Bottom Design.
UNIT V 12
Extrusion die design–Construction features of an extruder, Process, Characteristics of Polymer melt, Die geometry, Die head Pressure, characteristics of land length to Profile thickness, Extrudate die swell, Die materials, Classification of dies-Dies for Solid Section, Dies for Hollow Profiles, Blown film dies, Flat film dies, Parison dies, Wire and cable Coating dies, Spiral mandrel die, Fish tail die, Adjustable Core die.
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. P.S.CRACKNELL and R.W DYSON, “Hand Book of Thermoplastics - Injection Mould Design”, Chapman & Hall, 1993.
2. Laszlo Sors and Imre Balazs, “Design of Plastics Moulds and Dies”, Elsevier, Amsterdam - Oxford - Tokyo - NY, 1989.
REFERENCES
1. R.G.W.PYE, Injection Mould Design, SPE Publication.
PT1352 - POLYMER RHEOLOGY
4 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the flow characteristics of polymers.
OBJECTIVES
To understand
• Mechanical behaviour of polymeric materials under applied load for short tern and long term
• Flow behaviour of polymer melts and the experimental techniques for measuring the rheological properties.
UNIT I 12
Introduction to Rheology – types of mechanical deformation – Elastic materials – Vicous materials – Viscoelasticity – effect of rate of strain, temperature and time on mechanical behaviour of polymeric materials – creep – stress relaxation – Boltzman principle – time temperature super position principle – WLF equation.
UNIT II 12
Mechanical models – stress strain response of spring and dashpot – viscoelstic models – Maxwell element – Voigt kelvin element – response to creep and stress relaxation – four-parameter model – dynamic mechanical properties – behavior of Maxwell element and relaxation spectra.
UNIT III 12
Fluid flow – types of fluid flow – time dependant fluids, shear rate dependant fluids, Newtonian and Non Newtonian fluids – viscosity of polymer melts – shear thinning and shear thickening – zero-shear rate viscosity – laminar flow of Newtonian fluids – power law – general treatment of isothermal viscous flow in tubes – entrance and exit effects - elastic effects in polymer melt flow - die- swell and melt fracture – Weissenberg effect – normal stress difference – Elongational viscosity.
UNIT IV 12
Measurements of rheological properties – capillary rheometers – melt flow index – cone and plate viscometrer – torque rheometers – Mooney viscometer – curemeters – Rheo-optical methods – birefringence.
UNIT V 12
Rheological behaviour of important thermoplastics (PE,PVC,PS,PP,nylons and PC)-Applications of rheology to polymer processing (injection moulding, extrusion and blow moulding)
TOTAL : 60
REFERENCES
1. J.A.Brydson, Flow properties of polymer melts, life books, London, 1978.
2. P.N.Cogswell, Polymer Melt Rheology, A guide for Industrial Practice, George Godwin.
3. Richard C. Progelhof and James L. Throne, Polymer Engineering Principles, Hanser Publishers, New York, 1993.
4. John M. Dealy and Kurt F. Wissburn, Melt rheology and its role in plastics processing, Chapman, London, 1995.
5. R.S. Lenk, Polymer Rheology, Applied Science, London, 1978.
6. R.J. Crawford, Plastics Engineering, Butterworth – Heinemann, Oxford, 1998.
7. J.D. Ferry, Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, john Wiley & Sons, New York, 1986.
8. Chang Dae Han. Rheology in Polymer Processing, Academic Press, New York, 1976.
PT1353 POLYMER TESTING METHODS
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about the various testing methods employed for polymers.
OBJECTIVES
To familiarize the students with standards and methodology in
• Preparing various polymers specimen
• Testing raw materials and components for evaluating various properties
• Testing products for predicting product performance
UNIT I 9
Standards and Specimen Preparation: Standards and specifications and their importance with reference to polymers.
Preparation of test specimen by various techniques for thermoplastics, thermosets, and elastomers. Conditioning and test atmospheres.
UNIT II 9
Mechanical properties: Tensile, compression, flexural, shear, tear, impact, abrasion, hardness, permanent set, resilience, flex and cut growth resistance. Creep and stress relaxation, fatigue.
UNIT III 9
Thermal and Rheological Properties: Transition temperatures, Vicat softening temperature, heat distortion temperature, coefficient of expansion, specific heat, thermal conductivity, shrinkage, brittleness temperature, thermal stability, and flammability, melt flow index,
viscosity (Rotational viscometer, MPT, capillary rheometer, and torque rheometer)
UNIT IV 9
Electrical, Optical and other Properties: Volume and surface resistivity, dielectric constant and power factor, dielectric strength, arc resistance, tracking resistance, static charge
Refractive index, light transmission, transparency, haze, gloss clarity, and birefringence.
Environmental stress crack resistance (ESCR) - water absorption, weathering and chemical resistance, aging, ozone resistance, permeability, adhesion.
UNIT V 9
Testing of Products: Plastic films, sheeting, pipes, laminates, foams, containers, and cables. Rubber hose, Microcellular sheet, wire and cables, foams, gloves, tyres and tubes.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Vishu Shah, “Handbook of Plastics Testing Technology”, John Wiley, NY, 1998.
2. ASTM: 8.01 & 8.04; 9.01 & 9.02,2000
REFERENCES
1. Testing of Polymers, interscience, New York, 1965.
2. G. C. Ives & J. A. Mead, and N. M. Riley “Handbook of Plastics Test Methods”, ILIFEE, London, 1971
3. Roger P. Brown, “Physical Testing of Rubber”, interscience, New York, 1966.
4. Nicholas P.Cheremisinoff, “Product Design and Testing of Polymeric Materials”, Marcel Dekker, inc, New York, 1990
PT1354 - PROCESS CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To understand the concepts of process control and instrumentation.
OBJECTIVES
• To study the basic concepts of instrumentation and control systems covering measurement of temperature, pressure, flow and level.
• To understand process control systems with related examples.
UNIT I 9
General concepts of measurements: Variables and their measurements signals, the three stages of generalized measurement system, some common terms used in the measurement systems, mechanical loading, impedance matching, frequency response. Factors considered in selection of instruments – error analysis and classification, source of error. Transducer: classification, displacement & velocity transducers, potentiometer, LVDT, variable reluctance transducers, capacitive transducers, tachometer. Types of electric strain gauges – strain gauge bridges. Calibration of strain gauges.
UNIT II 9
Temperature measurement: Platinum resistance thermometers, thermistors, thermocouple, total radiation pyrometers, optical pyrometer, temperature measuring problems in flowing fluids.
Pressure measurement: Manometers, Elastic transducers, elastic diaphragm transducers, McLeod gauge, thermal conductivity gauges, calibration of pressure gauge using dead weight tester, dynamic characteristics of pressure measuring systems.
UNIT III 9
Flow & Miscellaneous Measurements: Venturi, Orifice & nozzle meters, Pitot tube, turbine type meters, hot wire anemometer, magnetic flow meters. Level measurement: float level meters & electrical conductivity meters.
UNIT IV 9
Control Systems: Open loop and closed loop controls, elements of closed loop control systems. Mathematical models for mechanical & electrical systems, transfer function, block diagram representation, signal flow graphs, control system components.
UNIT V 9
Process Control: Automatic speed control of drives – process control, closed loop control systems – pneumatic two step controller, control of chain grate boilers, feed water control – machine tool control, hydraulic operation, automatic positioning profile generation by coordinate setting and copying – inductosyn measuring systems – electro optical displacement measuring systems.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. T.G. Beckwith and N.L. Buck, Mechanical measurements, Addition Wesley Publishing company ltd. 1995.
2. Ernest O Doebelin, Measurements systems Application & design, McGraw-Hill Publishing, 1990.
REFERENCES
1. Rangan, Mani & Sharma, Instrumentation, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 1997.
2. I.J. Nagarath and M. Gopal, Control systems engineering, 2nd Ed. New Age International Pvt. Ltd., 1982.
3. R. K. Jain, Mechanical & Industrial measurements, Khanna Publishing.
PT1355 - PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY– II
3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the various processing methods for plastics and composites.
OBJECTIVES
• To study different plastic processing techniques such as extrusion, compression moulding, transfer moulding, calendaring, rotational moulding, FRP processing etc.
UNIT I 9
Extrusion – Principle – Types of Extruders – Single screw and twin-screw extruders – Metering – Screw design - process control variables – Types of dies – Viscoelastic properties and die swell.
UNIT II 9
Extrusion of Pipes- Extrusion profiles – Extrusion line for cable industry – Blown films – Flat film- Cast film - sheet film – Filament – Fibre extrusion – Coating & lamination – Extrusion of elastomers.
UNIT III 9
Compression moulding – types and procedure machinery and equipment moulding of thermoplastics – moulding of thermosets and rubber, Advantages & limitations, type of compression mould, Automatic compression molding- Transfer moulding advantages – Limitations.
UNIT IV 9
Rotational moulding – types of machines moulds – materials – part design – Calendaring types of calendars - powder coating – manufacturing methods – Application methods. Types of powder coating.
UNIT V 9
FRP - reinforcements, preforms, compounds & prepregs – Processes - benefits – Designing for spray up, hand layup, finishing and machining of plastics.
Total = 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Edited by Michael L. Berlin “Plastics Engineering”, Handbook. Society of the plastic Industries Chapman & Hall NY 1991.
2. James L. Throne, “Technology of Thermoforming”, Hanser, Publisher Munmich 1996.
REFERENCES
1. M.J. Stevens and J.A. Covas, “Extruder Principle and Operation”, Chapman & Hall UK, 2nd Edition 1995.
2. D.V. Rosato & D.V. Rosato, “Blow Moulding Hand Book”, Hanser Published 1998.
PT1356 RUBBER ENGINEERING 4 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about the chemistry, manufacture, and applications of various elastomers.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the chemistry and manufacturing technology of elastomers, compounding and vulcanization, properties and application.
UNIT I 12
Natural Rubbers: Tapping latex, Processing of Latex - Dry rubber production (Smoked sheet, air dried sheet, Crepe etc.) - Grading of rubbers - Modified natural rubber, Reclaimed rubber - process of reclamation – applications.
UNIT II 12
Compounding design and Vulcanization: Sulphur vulcanization and non-sulphur vulcanization, vulcanization systems - accelerators, activators, promoters, antioxidants, antiozonants, processing aids, fillers and effect of fillers, Blowing agents etc.
UNIT III 12
Synthetic Elastomers: Manufacturing, structure, properties, compounding, curing and applications - Polyisoprene, Polybutadiene, SBR, EPDM, Butyl rubber, Neoprene, Nitrile rubber, Silicone rubber, Fluoro elastomer, Polysulphide rubber, polyurethane rubber, Acrylic rubber.
UNIT IV 12
Thermoplastic Elastomers: Basic structure, Manufacture, Morphology, Commercial grades and Applications – Thermoplastic styrene block copolymers, Polyester thermoplastic elastomers, polyamide thermoplastic elastomer, Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers.
UNIT V 12
Rubber product manufacturing: Belting, Hoses, Footwear, Rubber metal bonded items, sports goods, cellular rubber.
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. C.M.Blow and Hepburn, - Rubber Technology and Manufacture, 2nd edition, 1982.
2. Hoffman, Rubber Technology Handbook -, Hanser Pub. Munich - 1996.
REFERENCES
1. Anil .K. Bhowmic, Howard L. Stephens (Edt), Handbook of Elastomers - New Developments & Technology, Marcel Decker Inc. New York 1988.
2. Maurice Morton, Rubber Technology
PT1357 POLYMER TESTING LAB – I 0 0 3 100
AIM: To learn about the various testing methods employed for polymers
OBJECTIVES : To familiarizes the students with standards and methodology in
- Preparing the various polymers specimen
- Testing raw materials and components for evaluating various properties
- Testing products for predicting product performance
LAB REQUIREMENTS
1. MFI tester 1 No.
2. Carbon black content apparatus 1 No.
3. Air oven 1 No.
4. Muffle furnace 1 No.
5. Soxhlet extraction set up 2 No.
6. Oswald Viscometer 5 No.
7. Stop watch 3 No.
8. Magnetic stirrer 2 No.
1. Determination of molecular weight of polymers by viscosity method.
2. Determination of epoxy equivalent.
3. Determination of acid value of polyester resin.
4. Determination of K – value of PVC resin.
5. Determination of apparent density and bulk density of polymers.
6. Determination of moisture and volatile content in plastics / rubbers.
7. Determination of water absorption.
8. Determination gel time and peak exothermic temperature for thermosetting resins.
9. Determination melt flow index.
10. Determination of soluble fraction of phenolics by acetone extraction.
11. Determination carbon black content in plastics / rubber.
12. Determination of non carbon black filler content in plastics / rubber.
13. Determination of total solid content of NR latex.
14. Determination dry rubber content of NR latex.
15. Determination of total alkalinity of NR latex.
(Any twelve experiments from the above)
TOTAL : 45
REFERENCES
1. Billmeyer, Experiments in polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons, NY.
2. ASTM – 8.01, 8.04, 9.02.
3. ISO Handbook. on Plastics.
PT1358 PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY LAB 0 0 3 100
AIM : To learn the various processing methods for plastics and composites
OBJECTIVES : To study different plastic processing Techniques such as extrusion, compression moulding, Transfer moulding, calendaring rotational moulding, FRP processing etc.
LAB REQUIREMENTS
Equipment for thermoplastic processing:
1. Hand injection moulding machine 3 No.
2. Semi Automatic injection moulding machine 1 No.
3. Fully automatic injection moulding machine 1 No.
4. Extruder for compounding of thermoplastics 1 No.
5. Hand blow moulding machine 1 No.
6. Fully automatic blow moulding machine 1 No.
7. Air compressor 1 No.
8. Scrap grinder 1 No.
9. Crane for mould handling 1 No.
10. Bench grinding and buffing machine 1 No.
11. Bench vise 1 No.
12. Sheet cutter 1 No.
13. Moulds for hand injection moulding 5 No.
14. Mould for automatic injection moulding 1 No.
15. Mould for semiautomatic injection moulding 1 No.
16. Mould for hand blow moulding 1 No.
17. Mould for fully automatic blow moulding 1 No.
18. Thermo Forming Unit 1 No
Equipments for Thermosets and Rubber processing:
1. Compression moulding machine 1 No.
2. Two roll mill for rubber mixing 1 No.
3. Filament winding machine lab model 1 No.
Moulds for rubber processing:
1. Moulds for sheet moulding 2 No.
2. Moulds for M/C sheet moulding 1 No.
3. Moulds for play ball moulding 1 No.
4. Moulds for flex specimen moulding 1 No.
5. Electronic balance 1 No.
1. Compounding and Moulding of Rubbers
NR, SBR, CR, BR and NBR as per ASTM standard
2. Preparation of dry rubber products
Play ball, Hawai sheet, M. C sheet, sponge, hand made hose and rubber to metal bonded articles
3. Preparation of latex products
Gloves and thread and adhesives
4. Preparation of Blow moulded products
5. Compression moulding of phenolic resin and SMC& BMC
6. Injection moulding of thermoplastics
7. Extrusion of thermoplastics
8. Compounding of plastics
9. Preparation of FRP laminates
10. Post Processing techniques.
TOTAL : 45
GE1351 PRESENTATION SKILLS AND TECHNICAL SEMINAR 0 2 0 -
OBJECTIVE
During the seminar session each student is expected to prepare and present a topic on engineering/ technology, for a duration of about 8 to 10 minutes. Three periods per week are to be allotted and 15 students are expected to present the seminar. A faculty guide is to be allotted and he / she will guide and monitor the progress of the student and maintain attendance also.
Students are encouraged to use various teaching aids such as over head projectors, power point presentation and demonstrative models.
This will enable them to gain confidence in facing the placement interviews.
PT1401 POLYMER REACTION ENGINEERING 3 1 0 100
AIM
• To know about the kinetics of reactions and design of polymer reactors
OBJECTIVES
• To study the kinetics of different types of chemical reaction and design the reactors for chemical and polymer industries.
UNIT I 9
Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering: Introduction to chemical kinetics. Representation of expression for reaction rate, Temperature dependent and concentration dependent. Interpretation of Batch Reactor data for various types of reactions taking place in constant volume and variable volume batch reactors.
UNIT II 9
Reactor design – performance equations for batch and flow reactors – design for single reactions – multiple reactions. Heat effects in reactors – conversions – equilibrium – non-ideal flow in reactors.
UNIT III 9
Single Ideal Reactors: Batch, CSTR and Plug Flow Reactors. Reactor choices for single and multiple reactions Viz. Series and parallel reactions. Residence time distribution in non-ideal flow reactors.
UNIT IV 9
Heterogeneous reacting systems – models for reaction controlled – diffusion controlled mechanisms – application to design – solied catalysed reactions – experimental methods for rates – application to design.
UNIT V 9
Polymerisation reactors – by free radical mechanism – characterization of mixtures of polymers – mechanism – rate equations – design of reactors for free radical polymerisation – stepwise addition and condensation polymerisation and copolymerisation – analysis of rate equation – polymerisation in batch reactors – flow reactors.
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. J .M. Smith, “Chemical Engineering Kinetics”, McGraw-Hill, 1975.
2. H. Scott Fogler, “Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, PHI, 1992.
REFERENCES
1. M.Kh. Karapetyants, “Chemical Thermodynamics”, Mir Publications, USSR, 1978.
2. G.N.Pandy, J.C.Chaudari, “Chemical Engg. Thermodynamics”, Khanna Publishers.
3. L.H.Sperling, “Introduction to Physical Polymer Science”, John Wiley & Sons. London.
4. Octave Levenspiel, “Chemical Reaction Engineering”, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
5. C.D. Holland & G. Rayboard Anthony, “Fundamentals of Chemical Reaction Engineering”.
PT1402 POLYMER BLENDS AND COMPOSITES 4 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about polymer blends and composites
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the miscibility of polymers, characteristics of blends and mechanism of toughening.
• To understand the basic concept of composites, matrix, reinforcement, properties of composites, fabrication methods and application
UNIT I 12
Polymer Blends: Classification – study of polymer blends and alloys on the basis of miscibility – Criteria for selection of polymer - Thermodynamics of miscibility – Mechanical compatibility – Phase morphology, Phase separation behavior – morphology of blends and its determination- electron microscopy.
UNIT II 12
Principles and methods involved in preparation of different Polymer blends– introduction to Rheology of polymer blends - its relevance in processing – Rheology – phase morphology relationships and their relevance –micro Rheology- rheological models- solution, and suspension models-IPN’s – synthesis, morphology, properties and applications – enhancement of polymer miscibility – utilization of miscible polymers.
UNIT III 12
Toughened polymers
Toughening of polymers- mechanism of toughening of thermoplastics and thermosets. Specific examples for toughened thermoplastics and thermosets- influence of processing on toughness. Industrial applications.
Composites
Types of composites – reinforced thermoplastics & thermosets – different types of reinforcements and their effects on the properties of the composites, mechanism of reinforcement. Fibrous reinforcement : Glass fibers – carbon fibers – aramid fibers – boron fibers. Particulate fillers - Coupling agents.
UNIT IV 12
Composition of composites – property correlation - Mechanical, Electrical, Thermal properties of composites. Processing of reinforced thermosets and thermoplastics: Techniques for processing such as hand lay-up, Spray up, Continuous sheet manufacturing, Pultrusion – resin transfer molding – filament winding – vacuum bag moulding.
UNIT V 12
Manufacture of structural and decorative laminates – preparation of sandwich structure Troubleshooting related to the above techniques. Processing of short fibers reinforced thermoplastics. Designing with composites. Post processing of composite products - Application of composites
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. D R Paul and S Newman, “Polymer Blends Vol. I & II”, Academic Press Inc, 1978.
2. M O W Richardson “Polymer Engineering Composite” – Applied Science.
REFERENCES
1. O Olabisis, I W Rubison and M T Shaw Polymer – Polymer Miscibility Academic Press – New York 1979.
2. Utracki, “Polymer Blends and Alloys”, Hanser Publisher.
3. G. Lubin, “Hand Book of Composites”, 2nd Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, NY, 1982.
4. S.M.Lee, “Dictionary of Composites Materials Technology”, Technomic Lancaster, Pa, 1989.
5. B.T. Astrom, “Manufacturing of Composites”, Chapman & Hall, 1997.
MG1402-PROCESS ECONOMICS AND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT
3 0 0 100
PART A
1. PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION 7
Planning, organisation, staffting, coordination, directing, controlling, communicating, organisation as a process and a structure; types of organisations.
2. PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT 10
Method study; work measurement techniques; basic procedure; motion study; motion economy; principles of time study; elements of production control; forecasting; planning, routing; scheduling; dispatching; costs and costs control, inventory and inventory control.
3. QUALITY AND QUALITY CONTROL 4
Elements of quality control, role of control charts in production and quality control.
PART B
1. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS FOR PROCESS ENGINEERS 1
2. INTEREST, INVESTMENT COSTS AND COST ESTIMATION 8
Time value of money; capital costs and depreciation, estimation of capital cost, manufacturing costs and working capital, invested capital and profitability.
3. PROFITABILITY, INVESTMENT ALTERNATIVE AND REPLACEMENT 8
Estimation of project profitability, sensitivity analysis; investment alternatives; replacement policy; forecasting sales; inflation and its impact.
4. ANNUAL REPORTS AND ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE 3
Principles of accounting; balance sheet; income statement; financial ratios; analysis of performance and growth.
5. ECONOMIC BALANCE 4
Different unit operations with single and multiple variables.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Davis, G.S., “Chemical Engineering Economics and Decision Analysis”, CENDC, I.I.T., Madras, 1981.
2. Holand, F.A., Waston, F.A. and Wilkinson, J.K., “Introduction to process Economics”, John Wiley, 1974.
REFERENCES
1. Sumanth, D.T., “Production Engineering and Management, McGraw-Hill, 1984.
2. Shukla, M.C., “Business Organisation and Management”, Sultan Chand and Sons, 1975.
PT1403 POLYMER PRODUCT DESIGN 3 1 0 100
AIM
• To design polymer products with knowledge of polymer properties and end use.
OBJECTIVES
• To learn physical properties of polymers required for product design
• To design plastic parts such as static and dynamic loaded parts for electrical, optical and mechanical applications (gears, bearings, pipes, seals, couplings and vibration dampers)
UNIT I 9
Introduction to structure and physical properties of polymers, stress – strain behaviour of polymers, effect of fillers on properties of polymers, stress analysis of polymers, structural design of beams, plates and other structural members.
UNIT II 9
Dynamic load response of polymers, effects of cyclic loading, other forms of stress applied to polymer parts, design for stiffness, processing limitations on polymers product design. Material and process interaction and the effects on the performance of plastic parts and the resulting design limitations, performance in service and environmental exposure.
UNIT III 9
Design procedure for plastic parts, design of plastic structural parts for static loads, design of dynamically loaded plastic parts, design of plastic parts for electrical applications, design of plastic parts for optical applications.
UNIT IV 9
Gear Design materials, strength and durability, moulded V/s cut plastic gearing, inspection assembly and operation.
Bearings: Self lubricated plastic materials rubber bearing, type of bearings, designers check list.
PVC piping: Raw materials, pipe design, specification and test procedure, manufacturing process.
UNIT V 9
Elastomeric ring seals; Basic configurations, design method, design consideration static and dynamic seals.Vibration dampers: Basic vibration damping relations, Octave rule for damped systems, Estimating damping in structures, controlling resonant peaks with damping, response of damped structures to shock. Flexible Coupling – Vibration of two mass system, specification and selection of couplings, types of couplings.
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. H. Belofsky, “Plastics Product Design and Process Engineering”, SPE, Hanser Publication, Munich Vienna NY, 1995.
2. S.Levy & J.H.Dubois, “Plastic Product Design Engineering Hand Book”, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., New York, 1977.
REFERENCES
1. Robert A. Malloy, “Plastic Part Design for Injection Moulding”, Hanser Pub., Munich Vienna NY, 1994.
2. Edward Miller, “Plastics Products Design Hand Book”, Marcel Dekker,
3. P.K.Freekly & A. R. Payne, “Theory and Practice of Engineering with Rubber”.
4. C. Hepburn and R.J.W. Raynolds, Elastomers, “Criteria for Engineering Design”.
5. R.D.Beck, “Plastic Product Design”, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co.
PT1404 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS PRACTICE USING CAD, CAE
0 0 3 100
LAB REQUIREMENTS
1. Computers with LAN - 8 Nos.
2. Software packages
(a) Auto cad - 1 No.
(b) Pro-E - 1 No.
(c) Mould flow - 1 No.
3. Printer - 1 No.
4. CNC Lathe - 1 No.
5. CNC Milling machine - 1 No.
Design Procedure, Dimensioning Mould Drawing, Fits & Tolerance, Allowances, Shrink Allowances.
I. 7
A) Injection mould design using CAD.
Design calculations: No. of cavities, Selection of injection moulding machine, shot capacity, plasticizing rate, Clamping force, Injection pressure &Tool strength calculations related to -
1. Two - plate mould.
2. Three - plate mould.
3. Split mould.
4. Hot - runner mould.
B) CNC Programme for the Machining of Core & Cavity using CNC Lathe and CNC Milling of simple profiles.
II. Semi - Automatic Compression Mould. 7
Design calculations: Economic determination of no. of cavities, flash thickness allowances, design of mould cavity, design of loading chamber, bulk factor, loading chamber depth & heat requirement for heating the mould related to -
1. Open-flash type compression mould.
2. Semi-positive horizontal and vertical type.
3. Fully positive type compression mould.
III. Transfer mould design using CAD. 7
Design calculations: Pot calculation, runner & gate dimensions, bulk factor & shrinkage allowances for thermo set plastics & Minimum moulding pressure related to -
1. Pot transfer mould.
2. Plunger transfer mould.
IV. Blow mould Design using CAD. 7
Design calculations: Clamping force, pinch-off, head die design and parison diameter calculations.
V. Extrusion Die Design using CAD. 8
1. For pipes.
2. For profiles.
VI. Part design for an Injection Moulded Component-using MOULDFLOW. 9
1. 3D Modeling using MOULD – FLOW / view, Flow analysis, Cooling analysis, Shrink / Wrap analysis, Stress analysis.
2. Application of MOULD - FLOW Part Adviser.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. R.G.W.Pye, Injection Mould Design, SPE Publication.
2. P.S.Cracknell and R.W.Dyson, Hand Book of thermoplastics injection mould design, Chapman & Hall, 1993.
REFERENCES
1. Herbert Rees, Mould Engineering, Hanser publishers, Munich, Vienna N.Y. 1994.
2. Technical Directory on Design and Tooling for plastics, CIPET, Guindy, Chennai.
3. Design calculations for Compression moulds, Machinery publications, Yellow series, U.K.
4. Mould Flow Manual & Part - Adviser Manual - MOULD FLOW
5. Laszco Sors and Imre Blazs, Design of Plastic Moulds and Dies, Elsevier, Amsterdam - Oxford - Tokyo - NY, 1989.
PT1405 POLYMER TESTING LAB – II 0 0 3 100
AIM: To learn about the various testing methods employed for polymers
OBJECTIVES : To familiarize the students with standard and methodology in
- Preparing various polymers specimen
- Testing raw materials and components for evaluating various properties
- Testing products for predicting product performance.
LAB REQUIREMENTS
1. Universal tensile testing machine (UTM) 1 No.
2. Humidity Chamber 1 No.
3. Shore – A hardness tester 1 No.
4. Shore – D hardness tester 1 No.
5. Rockwell hardness tester 1 No.
6. Izod and charpy impact tester 1 No.
7. Falling dart impact tester 1 No.
8. Din Abrader 1 No.
9. Rebound Resilience tester 1 No.
10. De-Mattia Flex Resistance tester 1 No.
11. Vicat softening point tester (VSP) 1 No.
12. HDT Tester 1 No.
13. Dial gauge 1 No.
14. Volume and surface resitivity tester 1 No.
15. Arc resistance tester 1 No.
16. Dielectric Strength tester 1 No.
17. Refractometer tester 1 No.
18. Environmental stress crack resistance tester (ESCR) 1 No.
I. Testing of Mechanical properties of plastics and rubbers 9
1. Tensile strength.
2. Compression strength.
3. Flexural strength.
4. Tear strength.
5. Izod and Charpy impact strength.
6. Falling dart impact strength,
7. Hardness – Rockwell and Shore
8. Abrasion resistance,
9. Rebound resilience
10. Flex resistance.
(Any six experiments)
II. Testing of Thermal properties 9
1. Vicat softening point.
2. Heat distortion temperature.
III. Testing of electrical Properties. 9
1. Volume and surface resistivity.
2. Arc resistance
3. Comparative tracking index.
4. Dielectric strength.
5. Dielectric constant.
(Any three experiments)
IV. Testing of Optical properties 9
1. Refractive index.
2. Haze.
3. Gloss
(Any one experiment)
V. Testing of miscellaneous properties 9
1. Environmental stress crack resistance
2. Chemical resistance.
3. Thermal ageing resistance.
4. Flammability.
5. Mould shrinkage
(Any three experiments)
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Vishu Shah, Hand Book of Plastics Technology, John Wiley Intersciencs Inc., New York.1998
2. G. C. Ives, J. A. Mead, and M. M. Riley, Hand Book of Plastics Test Methods, I4FFE Books London, 1971.
REFERENCES
1. ASTM – Vol. 8.01 - 8.04, Vol.
MG1401 TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT 3 0 0 100
OBJECTIVE
• To understand the Total Quality Management concept and principles and the various tools available to achieve Total Quality Management.
• To understand the statistical approach for quality control.
• To create an awareness about the ISO and QS certification process and its need for the industries.
1. INTRODUCTION 9
Definition of Quality, Dimensions of Quality, Quality Planning, Quality costs - Analysis Techniques for Quality Costs, Basic concepts of Total Quality Management, Historical Review, Principles of TQM, Leadership – Concepts, Role of Senior Management, Quality Council, Quality Statements, Strategic Planning, Deming Philosophy, Barriers to TQM Implementation.
2. TQM PRINCIPLES 9
Customer satisfaction – Customer Perception of Quality, Customer Complaints, Service Quality, Customer Retention, Employee Involvement – Motivation, Empowerment, Teams, Recognition and Reward, Performance Appraisal, Benefits, Continuous Process Improvement – Juran Trilogy, PDSA Cycle, 5S, Kaizen, Supplier Partnership – Partnering, sourcing, Supplier Selection, Supplier Rating, Relationship Development, Performance Measures – Basic Concepts, Strategy, Performance Measure.
3. STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL (SPC) 9
The seven tools of quality, Statistical Fundamentals – Measures of central Tendency and Dispersion, Population and Sample, Normal Curve, Control Charts for variables and attributes, Process capability, Concept of six sigma, New seven Management tools.
4. TQM TOOLS 9
Benchmarking – Reasons to Benchmark, Benchmarking Process, Quality Function Deployment (QFD) – House of Quality, QFD Process, Benefits, Taguchi Quality Loss Function, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) – Concept, Improvement Needs, FMEA – Stages of FMEA.
5. QUALITY SYSTEMS 9
Need for ISO 9000 and Other Quality Systems, ISO 9000:2000 Quality System – Elements, Implementation of Quality System, Documentation, Quality Auditing, QS 9000, ISO 14000 – Concept, Requirements and Benefits.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK
1. James R.Evans & William M.Lidsay, The Management and Control of Quality, (5th Edition), South-Western (Thomson Learning), 2002 (ISBN 0-324-06680-5).
2. Dale H.Besterfiled, et at., “Total Quality Management”, Pearson Education Asia, 1999. (Indian reprint 2002).
REFERENCES
1. Feigenbaum.A.V. “Total Quality Management, McGraw Hill, 1991.
2. Oakland.J.S. “Total Quality Management Butterworth – Hcinemann Ltd., Oxford. 1989.
3. Narayana V. and Sreenivasan, N.S. Quality Management – Concepts and Tasks, New Age International 1996.
4. Zeiri. “Total Quality Management for Engineers”, Wood Head Publishers, 1991.
PT1001 POLYMER RECYCLING 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the various methods employed for recycling of polymers.
OBJECTIVES
• To learn need for polymer recycling, plastic and rubber waste management, various methods of recycling technologies and the applications of recyclates.
UNIT I 9
Plastics production and consumption- Plastic wastes generation source and types – Plastic waste composition, quantities - Plastics identification methods physical, chemical and instrumental – sorting and separation technologies - disposal alternatives – Recycling methods – Primary, Secondary and tertiary recycling of plastics
UNIT II 9
Size reduction of recycled plastics – cutting / shredding, densification, pulverization and chemical size reduction processes- municipal solid waste and composition – recycling of plastics from urban solid wastes - household waste – industrial sector – rheology, density and mechanical properties of recyclable plastics and need for compatibilization – Processing of commingled / mixed plastic waste – super wood, plastic lumber
UNIT III 9
Recycling of polyolefins – polyethylene films – Polypropylene battery recyling- Recycling of HDPE fuel tanks - PET recycling methods – PET film recycling - Applications of polyolefin and PET recyclate – PVC recycling
UNIT IV 9
Engineering thermoplastics and their major areas where engineering polymers are recycled – major recyclers of engineering plastics – GE/ Bayer/ MRC Polymers – PC, PBT, Nylon, PPO, ABS and polyacetals and their blends
UNIT V 9
Recycling of Polymer thermoset composites – regrind processes - SMC scrap – pyrolysis and energy recovery –Types of rubber products – rubber grinding methods – tyre grinding – rubber crumb applications – Reclaiming and de-vulcanization processes – tyre derived fuel and energy recovery – Pyrolysis of scrap tyres.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Polymer recycling, “Science, Technology and Applications, John Scheirs, John Wiley & Sons, England 1988
2. “Recycling of Plastic Materials (Ed)”, Francesco Paolo La Mantia, Chem Tec Publishing.
REFERENCES
1. Degradeable polymers, Recycling and Plastic Waste Management (Eds) Ann – Christine Albertson and Samuel J. Huang, Marcel Dekker, New York.
2. “Plastics Waste Management (Ed)”, Nabil Mustafa, Marcel Dekker, New York
PT1002 PLASTICS PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about the materials and processing methods in packaging.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the concepts of materials used in packaging, machinery in packaging and testing of packaging material.
UNIT I 9
Introduction to plastics packaging: functions of packaging, advantages of plastic packaging, distribution hazards, special requirements of food and medical packaging, packaging legislation and regulation.
Packaging as a system: Elements, approach, package, design, relation criteria for packaging materials, packaging equipment checklist, case histories
Major packaging plastics
Introduction – PE, PP, PS, PVC, polyesters, PVA, EVA, PA, PC, ionomers & fluoro polymers.
UNIT II 9
Conversion process – Compression & transfer for moulding, Injection moulding, Blow moulding, Extrusion, roto moulding, thermoforming, Lamination, metallizing, decoration process, Shrink wrapping, Pallet & stretch wrapping, sealing methods, Plasma barrier coatings. Energy requirement for conversion.
UNIT III 9
Extrusion, film and flexible packaging – extrusion, cast film & sheet, Blown film, Multi layer film & sheet coatings, laminations & coextrusions, stretch and shrink wrap, pouching, sealing, evaluation of seals in flexible packages, advantages of flexible packaging – flexible packaging products. Specialized packaging for food products.
UNIT IV 9
Thermoformed, moulded and rigid packages, Thermoforming packages: Position & thermoforming & wrap forming, variations in thermoforming and solid phase pressure forming, scrabbles, twin sheet & melt – to- mold thermoforming, skin packaging, thermoforming moulds, thermoforming fill- real, Aseptic thermoforming, advantages & disadvantages of moulding foams, other cushioning materials & distribution packaging – Polystyrene & other foams systems cushioning, Design of molded cushioning systems, plastic pallets, drums & other shipping containers.
UNIT V 9
Testing of plastic packages, Barrier, Migration & compatibility, Printing, labeling & pigmenting, Sterilization systems and health care products.
Packaging hazards and their controls. Environmental considerations.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Susan E.M. Seleke, “Understanding Plastic Packaging Technology”, Hanser publications – Munich
2. A.S. Altalye, “Plastics in Packaging”, Tata McGraw–Hill publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
PT1003 NYLON TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about the various the raw materials, manufacturing, preparation and properties of various nylons.
OBJECTIVES
To understand
• Methods of manufacturing, properties and applications of commercial nylons such as Nylon 6, Nylon 6, 6, Nylon 6, 10, Nylon 4, 6, Nylon 11, Nylon 12 etc.
• Crystal structure and property relationship of nylons.
• Modified nylons through blends and alloys.
UNIT I 9
Historical development of nylons – commercial nylons; Polyamidation – Principle of polyamidation – chemistry, polycondensation and equilibria – kinetics – molecular mass; Polycondensation process techniques – hydrolytic, ionic and solid phase polymerization –
UNIT II 9
Commercial nylons – nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 6, 10, nylon 4 6, nylon 11, nylon 12 – raw materials, method of manufacturing, properties and important applications – chemical attack and degradation of nylons – oxidative, thermal and hydrolytic degradation
UNIT III 9
Structure - property relationship in nylons – crystallization of nylons and crystal structure – effect on molecular weight - melting temperature, Tg – crystallization growth, orientation, morphology
Characterization of nylons – identification of nylons and their hydrolysis products for composition and moisture content by HPLC, DSC, Karl Fischer method, IR, NMR and X ray; Molecular weight and distribution by GPC and End group analysis method, solution viscosity method
UNIT IV 9
Processing of nylons - Rheology, PVT relationship – Effect of moisture, molecular mass, shear, temperature, additives on melt processing; Melt Processing techniques- extrusion into film and tube, injection moulding – RIM, blow moulding; other process techniques such as solution coating, powder coating, blending
UNIT V 9
Modification of nylons – transparent, toughened, flame retardant, plasticized and lubricated nylons, filled and reinforced grades; blends and alloys nylon with other polymers – nylon 66 –PPO (Noryl), nylon 6 – LDPE, EPDM
Introduction to fibre technology – nylon 6 melt spinning, drawing into yarns - dyeability
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Malvin I. Kohan (ed.) “Nylon Plastics Hand Book”, Hanser Publisher, 1995.
2. Nicholar P. Chermisinof (ed.) “Hand Book of Engineering Polymeric Materials Marcel Dekker Inc. N.Y. 1997.
PT1004 FIBRE TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 100
AIM
To understand the production and technology of fibre manufacture.
OBJECTIVES
To learn
• Production technologies of synthetic fibres such as nylon6, PET, PP and acrylic fibres.
• Melt spinning, wet spinning, dry spinning, texturing and stretching methods; colouration techniques of fibres.
• Modification for low filling, flame retardant and hollow fibres
UNIT I 9
Development of synthetic – commercial synthetic fibres, Raw materials manufacture. DMT, TPA, MEG, caprolactum, adipic acid, hexamethylene diamine, acrylonitrile, polymerisation – types of polymers – criteria for fibre forming polymers – production of polyethylene terephthalate polymer – polyamides – production of nylon 66 polymer – nylon 6 polymer.
UNIT II 9
Polymer production for acrylic fibres – polypropylene – production of other fibres - PVC fibres – PVA fibres – Aramid fibres - Melt spinning – Polymer feed – melt spinning equipment – high speed spinning – spin draw processes – crystallization method – melt spinning of PET & PP stable fibres – wet and dry spinning comparison.
Spin finishes – functions of spin finish – methods of application of spin finish – spin finish for polyester staple fibres – spin finish for texturing process – effect of spin finish on dyeing.
UNIT III 9
Stretching or drawing – conditions of drawing – machines for draw warping – texturing – false twist process – draw texturing– staple fibre production, melt spinning – drawing, heat setting – crimping in fibre line – production of melt spin staple fibre – polyester tops for wool blending – Mass coloration and tow dyeing of polyester, nylon, acrylic – polypropylene – dyeing in loose fibre and yarn forms of polyester, nylon, acrylic, PP, other synthetic fibres – loose fibre dyeing.
UNIT IV 9
Modified synthetic fibres – modified polyester, Nylon, PP, acrylics – Hydrophilic – Hollow – Low pilling – flame retardant- bicomponent fibres - Dyeability of synthetic fibres
UNIT V 9
Quality control – testing raw material – testing polymers – testing yarns & fibres – waste utilisation of polyester – nylon 6 – 66 – acrylics – PP- Energy conservation – pollution control.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOK
1. A.A. Vaidya, Production of synthetic fibres, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1988.
PT1005 TYRE TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about design and fabrication of tyres.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand various components used and their function of tyres.
• To design and suitable compounding formulation for various tyre components
• To know the building & curing of tyres.
UNIT I 9
A historical introduction on the design and development of tyres of various kinds and types. The current status of tyre industry in India and its future prospectus. Tyre sizing and marking on the tyres. Different types of tyres – bias, bias belted radial, tube type abd tubeless tyres their basic features and performance comparison. Different components of a tyre, its geometry, basic functions. Functions of a pneumatic tyre – load carrying, vibration and noise reduction, the tyre function as a spring, contribution to driving control and road adhesion, the tyre friction contribution to driving control, steering control and self aligning torque.
UNIT II 9
Cord- rubber composites and its properties and failure mechanism of cord reinforced rubber. Mechanics of tyre pavement interaction. Tyre forces on dry and wet road surface. Traction forces on dry, wet, ice, snow and irregular pavements, Breaking and traction of tyres.
UNIT III 9
Tyre wear, rubber friction and sliding mechanism, various factors affecting friction and sliding. Tyre stresses and deformation, tyre noise, mechanism of noise generation, effect of tread pattern, vehicle speed etc., on noise level, Tyre in plane dynamics. High frequency properties, basic yaw and camber analysis.
UNIT IV 9
Manufacturing techniques of various tyres like two wheeler and car tyres, truck tyres, OTR, Farm tyres, aircraft tyres. Principles of designing, formulations for various rubber components. Tyre reinforcement materials (Textile, steel, glass etc.). Criteria of selection, different styles and construction, textile treatment. Tyre mould design, green tyre design principles, methods of building green tyres for bias, bias belted, radial and tube-less tyres, green tyre treatments. Tyre curing methods, post cure inflation, quality control tests, Tyre related products, their design and manufacturing techniques, tubes, valves, flaps and bladders. Different types, their feature and operation of tyre building machines, bead winding machine, wire/glass processing machines, bias cutters, curing presses.
UNIT V 9
Measurement of tyre properties, dimension and size-static and loaded, Tyre construction analysis, Endurance test wheel and plunger tests, traction, noise measurements. Force and moment characteristics, cornering coefficient aligning torque coefficient, load sensitivity and load transfer sensitivity, Rolling resistance, non uniformity dimensional variations, force variations- radial force variation, lateral force variation concentricity and ply steer. Type balance, mileage, evaluations, tyre flaws and separations, X-ray holography etc., Foot print pressure distribution. BIS standards for tyres, tubes and flaps.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Samuel K. Clark, “Mechanics of pneumatic Tires”, National Bureau of standards, Monograph, US Govt. printing office, 1971.
2. Tom French, “Tyre Technology”, Adam Hilger, New York, 1989.
REFERENCES
1. F.J. Kovac, “Tire Technology”, 4th edition, Good year Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, 1978.
2. E. Robecchi, L.Amiki, “Mechanics of Tire”, 2 Vols, Pirelli, Milano, 1970.
PT1006 BIODEGREDABLE POLYMERS 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To understand the mechanism of biodegradation and development of biodegrable polymers.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the method of development of biodegradable polymers; The need of biodegradable and testing methods used for analyzing the biodegradability
UNIT I CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY OF POLYMER DEGRADATION 9
Introduction, enzymes – enzyme nomenclature – enzyme specificity – physical factors affecting the activity of enzymes – enzyme mechanism, Chemical degradation initiates biodegradation, Hydrolysis of synthetic biodegradable polymers.
UNIT II PARTICULATE STARCH BASED PRODUCTS 9
Development of Technology, Current objectives, relative starch technology, Manufacture of master batch, Conversion technology – processing precautions – moisture and temperature – rheological considerations, cyclic conversion process, physical properties of products – sample preparation – physical testing methods – test results, Quality control testing of degradation – auto oxidation measurement – biodegradation assessment – soil burial test.
UNIT III BIOPOLYESTERS 9
Introduction, History, biosynthesis, Isolation – solvent extraction - sodium hypo chloride digestion, enzymatic digestion, Properties – crystal structure – nascent morphology, degradation - Intracellular biodegradation - extra cellular biodegradation – thermal degradation – hydrolytic degradation – environmental degradation – effects of recycling, applications, economics, future prospects.
UNIT IV RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY FOR BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS 9
Introduction, conventional recycling – economic incentive – recycling problems, degradable complicate recycling – polyethylene/starch film, reprocessing polyethylene/corn starch film scrap – learning to reprocess PE/S - Calcium oxide moisture scavenger – temperature control – accounting for pro-oxidant – handling PE/S repro – economics of in-plant recycling, Using PE/S repro – comparative study of PE/S repro on film properties, recycling other degradables.
UNIT V TEST METHODS & STANDARDS FOR BIODEGRADABLE PLASTICS
Introduction, defining biodegradability, criteria used in the evaluation of biodegradable polymers, tiered systems for evaluating biodegradability, choice of environment, choosing the most appropriate methodology, description of current test methods – screening test for ready biodegradability, tests for inherent biodegradability, tests for simulation studies, other methods for assessing biodegradability – petri dish screen – environmental chamber method – soil burial tests, Test method developments for the future.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. G.J.L Griffin Blackie(ed.), Chemistry & Technology of Biodegradable Polymers Academic & Professional London 1994.
2. Yoshiharu Doi, Kazuhiko Fukuda (ed.) Biodegradable Plastics & Polymers Elsevier 1994.
REFERENCES
1. Abraham J.Donb & Others (ed.) Handbook of Biodegradable polymers.
2. Harvard Academic Publishers Australia 1997.
PT1007 SPECIALITY POLYMERS 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To understand the properties and applications of speciality polymers.
OBJECTIVES
• To learn properties and applications of special polymers such as high performance flame resistance, conducting and high temperature resistant polymers
UNIT I 9
High temperature and fire resistant polymers improving low performance polymers for high temperature use – polymers, for low fire hazards – polymers for high temperature resistance – Fluoropolymers. Aromatic polymers, polyphenylene sulphide, polysulphones, polyesters, polyamides, polyketones, Heterocyclic polymers.
UNIT II 9
Polymers with electrical and electronic properties Conducting polymers, conducting mechanisms, polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene polypyrrole, organometallic polymers, photo conducting polymers, polymers in non-linear optics, polymers with piezpelectric pyroelectric and pyroelectric properties, photoresists for semi conductor fabrication – liquid crystalline polymers.
UNIT III 9
Ionic Polymers, synthesis, physical properties and applications, Ion-exchange, Hydrophilicity, lonomers based on polyethylene, elastomeric ionomers. Ionomers based on polystyrene, ionomers based on PTFE, ionomers with polyaromatic backbones, polyelectrolytes for ion exchange, polyelectrolytes based on carboxylates, polymers with integral ions, polyelectrolyte complexes. Biological and inorganic ionic polymers.
UNIT IV 9
Polymer concrete, polymer impregnated concrete ultra high modulus fibres, polymers for biomedical applications, polymeric binders for rocket propellants, polymer supported reagents.
UNIT V 9
Polymers in telecommunications and power transmission, polymers as insulators – electrical breakdown strength – capacitance, dielectric loss and cable alteration, polymers in telecommunications – submarine, cable insulation, low fire risk materials, polymers in power transmission – Optical fibre telecommunication cables.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. H.F.Mark, (Ed), “Encyclopedia of polymer Science & Engineering”, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1989.
2. Matrin.T.Goosey, “Plastics for Electronics”, Elsevier, Applied Science, 1985.
REFERENCES
1. R.W. Dyson, “Specialty Polymers”, Chapman & Hall, 2nd edition, 1998.
2. Manas Chanda, Salil.K.Roy, “Plastics Technology Hand book”, 2nd edition, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993.
PT1008 SPECIALITY ELASTOMERS 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To understand the properties and applications of specialty elastomers.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand special properties of elastomers with respect to structure.
• To study the manufacturing, compounding and processing of specialty elastomers such as silicone rubber, fluoro elastomers, acrylic rubber, EPDM etc.
UNIT I 9
Introduction of speciality Rubbers – Silicones (Q) – Introduction, Manufacture – Structure and its influence on properties – Compounding – Fabrication – Curing – General properties – Applications – Copolymers – PMQ, PVLQ, FMQ, FVMQ – Silicones Rubber for medical use.
UNIT II 9
Chlorosulphonated polyethylene – Introduction – Manufacture – Structure and its influence on properties – Compounding – Curing – Properties – Applications.
Epichlorohydrin – (CO, ECO, ETIR) – Introduction – Manufacture – Structure and its influence on properties – Compounding and Curing Properties and application.
Fluoro Elastomers (FKM) – Introduction – Manufacture – Structure and its influence on properties – Compounding – Curing – Properties and applications.
UNIT III 9
Polysulphides (TM) - Introduction, Manufacture – Cross linked Polyethylene (XLPE) – Polyurethane Rubbers – Introduction Manufacture – Structure and its influence on properties – Compounding – Curing – Properties and applications.
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes – Introduction – Manufacture – Structure and its influence on Properties – Compounding – Curing – Properties and applications.
UNIT IV 9
Acrylic Rubber (ACM), Ethylene acrylic copolymers, Introduction, Manufacture – Structure and its influence on Properties – Compounding – Curing – Properties and applications.
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate – Copolymer – Introduction, Manufacture – Structure and its influence on Properties – Compounding – Curing – Properties and applications.
UNIT V 9
Chlorinated Polyethylene – Introduction – Manufacture – Structure and its influence on Properties – Compounding – Curing – Properties and applications.
EPM, EDPM – Introduction, Manufacture – Structure and its influence on Properties – Compounding – Curing - Properties and applications.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Hoffmann, “Rubber Technology Hand Book”, Hanser Publishers Munich– 1989.
2. Anil. K., Bhowmick, Howard L. Stephens (ed.) Hand Book of Elastomers, New Development & Technology, Marcel Decker Inc., New York, 1988.
PT1009 BIOMEDICAL POLYMERS 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the requirement properties of polymers to be used for biomedical applications.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand tissue and blood compatibility of polymeric materials intended to use in biological systems
• To study various applications of polymeric biomaterials in biomedical areas like cardio vascular, ophthalmic, dental, orthopedic etc.
UNIT I 9
BIOMATERIALS: Biomaterials, BioCompatibility, Stabilization, Inflammation And Wound Healing, Blood Clotting System, kinn System, Biological response to Implants, Implant Design And Applications.
UNIT II 9
BIOMEDICL POLYMERS: Criteria for the Selection of Biomedical Polymers, Physicochemical Aspects of the Blood Compatibility of Polymeric Surface.
Biomedical Polymers from biological source, Poly hydroxy Alkanoic Acids, Microbial polysaccharides, Silk, Collagen. , Microbial Cellulose, Hyaluronic Acid, Synthetic Polymers such as PMMA, Silicon Rubber, Polyethylene, Natural Rubber, Hydrogels.
UNIT III 9
BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERS: Permanent Implants For Function- Orthopedics, Cardio Vascular, Respiratory Patches And Tubes, Digestive System, Genitourinary System, Nervous System, Orbital (Corneal And Lens Prosthesis) –Permanent Implant For Cosmoses, Other Applications Of Engineered Material In Clinical Practices, Silicone Implants. Polymer Membranes, Polymer Skin, Polymeric Blood.
UNIT IV 9
POLYMERIC LENSES: Contact Lenses, Hard Lenses, Gas Permeable Lenses, Flexible Lenses, Soft Lenses, Hydrogels, Equilibrium Swelling, Absorption and Desorption, Oxygen Permeability, Types of Soft Lenses, Manufacture, Cleaning And Disinfection.
UNIT V 9
DENTAL POLYMERS: Dental applications, denture bases, dentate reliners, crown and bridge resins, plastic teeth, mouth protectors, maxillofacial prosthetic materials, restorative material, polyelectrolyte based restoratives, sealants, adhesives, dental impression and duplicating materials, agar, algmater elastomers.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. H.F. Mark (Ed), “Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering”, John Wiley and Sons New York, 1989.
2. Galin and M. Ruben Ed., “Soft Compact Lenses Clinical and Applied Technology”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, 1978.
REFERENCES
1. Comprehensive Polymer Science Vol.7
2. Alcock, Contemporary Polymer Chemistry
3. Second Ed. Manas Chanda, Salil K. Roy (Ed) Plastic Technology Hand Book Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York, 1993.
4. (Ed) David Byrom, “Bio-Material” Macmillan Publishers Ltd. and ICI Biological products Business, 1991.
5. Wilfred Lynch, Hand book of Silicone rubber fabrication, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 450 west 33 rd Street, New York 1000.
6. B.Sedlacek, C.G.Overberger, J.F.Mark, (ed.) Medical polymers: Chemical problems. Proceedings of the 17th Prague IUPAC micro-symposium on macromolecules, Prague, Czechoslovakia 15-18, August 1977 J.Polym.Sci, Polymer Symposium Vol. 66, 1979.
PT1010 POLYURETHANE TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the production technology of polyurethanes.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the basic variation between the raw materials used for polyurethane production, methods of polyurethane production and analysis of the raw materials products.
UNIT I 9
Introduction to polyurethane- chemistry and materials of polyurethane manufacture: basic reaction, cross linking in polyurethane, important building blocks for polyurethane (isocynates, polyols, amines and additives) - The manufacturer of polyurethanes (the process, parameters and controls).
UNIT II 9
Polyurethane processing-basic design principles of polyurethane processing equipment - steps in the polyurethane processing.
Flexible foams-(production, properties and application slabstock foam, carpet backing, flexible molded foams & semirigid molded foams.
Reinforced RIM – trends in the use of RIM and RRIM.
UNIT III 9
Rigid polyurethane foams-chemistry of raw materials, manufacturing of rigid polyurethane (manufacturing of buns, panels, foaming of applications, molded rigid foams), properties, relationship between production methods and properties- application of rigid polyurethane. Polyurethane skin integral foam- production, properties and applications.
UNIT IV 9
Solid polyurethane materials- polyurethane casting systems (cast elastomers and casting resins)-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers: productions / processing, properties and applications, polyurethane, pains, technique and coatings, adhesives builders, elastomers fibers, manufacture / processing and applications.
UNIT V 9
Determination of composition and testing of polyurethane-chemical compositions, detection methods, identification of functional groups, determinations of properties materials and products (Characterisation, physics/mechanical, temp dependence, chemical performance, combustibility) polyurethane and environment health and safety: making and using polyurethane safety.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Dr. Gumter Oertal (ed.), Polyurethane Hand Book, Hanser Publication Munich.
2. George woods, The ICI Polyurethane book -published journls by ICI, John Wiley and sons NY
PT1011 PRODUCT DESIGN USING CAD 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To design plastic products using CAD.
OBJECTIVES
• To learn CAD and NC programming; FEA, CAE for plastics and rapid prototyping.
UNIT I 9
Plastics Product Design : Material Selection - Properties – Mouldability - Fits and Tolerance – Shrinkage – Warpage - Wall Thickness – Fillets - Sharp Corners - Ribs and Bosses - Holes- Moulded Threads - Inserts and Fasteners – Integral hinge – Lettering on Moulded Products.
Surface finish – Functional / Aesthetic aspects of part shape-Safety aspects of part shape - Safety aspects if the part should burn - Safety aspects if the part should fail - Use of color and design to promote safety.
UNIT II 9
Introduction to CAD – Computer Aided Drafting – Operating Systems – Wire frame, Surface and Solid Modeling – Using Auto CAD, Unigraphics, Ideas and Pro-E – NC Machines – NC Part Programming – Manual part programming – Computer assisted part programming – APT Language – Manual data input – NC Programming using CAD/CAM – Computer automated part programming.
UNIT III 9
Finite element analysis - introduction, types of analysis - need for approximation - Weight residual, Ritz and Galerkin method - Variational. Procedure for finite element analysis - stiffness matrix, solution procedure, details of finite element analysis package, model building, post processing, simple problems in 2D&3D Analysis and applications of FEM for plastic components.
UNIT IV 9
Introduction to CAE for plastics – MOLDFLOW Software – Design principles for part design, 3D Modelling using MF/view. Flow analysis, Cooling analysis, Shrink/Warp analysis, Stress analysis. Case studies – Interpretation of results.
Identification of Uneconomical design and redesign for manufacture.
UNIT V 9
Rapid Prototyping – Streolithography – Laminated Object Manufacturing, Selective Laser Sintering – Solider – Vacuum Casting – Resin injection – Application of rapid prototyping.Rapid Tooling – Cast – IT Epoxy Tooling System, Parts in Minutes – Vacuum grade Polyurethanes, Composite tooling board.
TUTORIAL 15
TOTAL : 60
TEXT BOOKS
1. R.D.Beck Plastics Product Design,
2. C-B & Liv C.N.K. Computer aided design & manufacture, East West Press.
REFERENCES
1. Durvent W.R. The Lithographic Hand book, Narosa Pub., 1995.
2. Paul F. Jacob. Rapid Prototyping and manufacture Fundamentals of Stereolithography, 1985
3. MOLD FLOW Users Manual.
PT1012 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 3 0 0 100
OBJECTIVES
• To learn understand data structure, sorting techniques, operating system and their functions, software engineering – planning and cost information, software design concepts and guidelines and computer networks.
UNIT I 9
Data Structures - Introduction, Storage Structures for arrays, Stacks, Application of stacks, Queues, Pointers and linked allocations, Linked linear list, Operations, Circularly and doubly linked list, Applications. Sorting Techniques - Selection sort, Bubble sort, Exchange sort. Searching Techniques - Sequential searching, Binary Searching.
UNIT II 9
Operating Systems - Generation and history of operating systems, Multiprogramming and time-sharing concepts, Process states, Transition, PCB, Interrupt Processing, Job and process scheduling. Disk scheduling - Seek optimization, Rotational optimization.
UNIT III 9
Software Engineering - Planning and Cost estimation: Importance of software, Defining the problem, Developing a solution strategy, Planning, Development Process, Organizational Structure.
Software Cost Estimation - Introduction, Software cost factors, Cost estimation techniques, Staffing level estimation.
UNIT IV 9
Software Design Concepts - Introduction, Fundamental design concepts, Modules and Modularization Criteria, Design notations and techniques, Detailed Design Consideration, Real time and Distributed system design, Test plans, Milestone, Walkthroughs and Inspections, Design guidelines. Computer Security - Fundamental concepts of Cryptosystems.
UNIT V 9
Computer Networks - Introduction, Uses of computer networks, Network hardware & software, Reference models, Network topologies, Examples of network. Internet Programming - HTML, DHTML, Front page, Introduction to Dream Weaver. E-Commerce - Introduction, Applications in business, E-Commerce framework.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Jean-Paul Tremblay& Paul.G.Sorenson, “An Introduction to Data Structures with Applications”, McGraw-Hill, II edition, 1984.
2. Harvey. M. Detail, “An Introduction to Operating Systems”, Addison Wesley Publication Company, 1998.
REFERENCES
1. James.L.Peterson, Abraham Silberschatz, “Operating System Concepts”, Addison Wesley Publication Company, 1985.
2. Richard Fairley, “Software Engineering Concepts”, McGraw-Hill, 1985.
3. Pressman R.S., “Software Engineering”, McGraw-Hill, II edition, 1987.
4. Man Young Rhee, “Cryptography & Secure Communications”, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
5. Andrew.S.Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, III edition, PHI, 1997.
6. Reilly, O’, “Internet in a Nutshell”, Shroff Publishers, Mumbai, 1998.
7. Reilly, O’, “Html”, Shroff Publishers, Mumbai, 1998.
8. Ravi Kalakata, Andrew Whinston, “Frontiers of Electronics Commerce”, Addison Wesley, 1998.
PT1013 POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILISATION 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about the degradation and stabilization of polymers.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the various modes of thermal, mechanical, photo degradation & chemical degradation of polymers of the mechanism of degradation and stabilization of the degradation process.
UNIT I 9
Introduction and Thermal Degradation: Definition - Modes of Polymer Degradation - Mechanistic Aspects - Single Step Process and Chain Reactions - Auto Oxidation - Random and Specific Site Attack - Thermal Degradation: Introduction - Methods for Evaluation of Heat Resistance (DTA, DSC, TGA, TMA) - Mechanistic Aspects - Heat Resistance Polymers - Ablation –Stabilization – Thermal Degradation and Recycling - Heat Effect in Bio Polymers.
UNIT II 9
Mechanical Degradation and Ultrasonic Degradation: Introduction - Mechanistic Aspects - Degradation Studies - Polymer Degradation in Solution. Ultrasonic Degradation - Importance - Experimental Methods - Mechanism of Ultrasonic Degradation (Cavitations and Direct Effects) - Degradation Studies (Detection of Transient Species and Molecular Weight Distribution) Application of Mechanical Degradation: Stress - Induced Chemical Alterations of Polymers- Mastication of Natural and Synthetic Rubber - Mechano Chemical Synthesis of Block and Craft Copolymers.
UNIT III 9
Photo degradation: Introduction - Mechanistic Aspects (Excited States, Free Radicals and Ionic Species, Energy Transfer and Energy Migration) - Degradation in the Absence of Oxygen (Norrish Types I & II Reactions) - Photo Oxidation (Auto Oxidative Process, Sensitized Degradation) - Stabilization - Application: Polymers with Predictable Life Time, Photo resists.
UNIT IV 9
Degradation By High Energy Radiation and Biodegradation: Introduction - Aspects of Radiation - Mechanistic Aspects - Simultaneous Cross Linking and Degradation - Radiation Stability and Protection Radiation Effects in the Bio Polymers - Application: Lithography, X - ray Resists in Contact Microscopy- Graft and Block Copolymerisation Bio degradation - Modes of Biological Degradation - Enzymatic Degradation in Bio Polymers (Polysaccharides, Proteins, Malice Acids) - Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Polymers - General Applications of Bio Degradable Plastics - Examples of Biodegradable Polyesters and Polyamides.
UNIT V 9
Chemical Degradation: Introduction - Solvolysis - Polymer Characterization by Solvolysis - Stability of Polymer Against Solvolytic Agents - Commercial Applications - Ozonisation - Oxidative Degradation - Auto Oxidation of Polymers. Ionic Degradation: Alkaline Degradation of Poly Saccharides Acidic Degradation of Polyaldehydes and Polyacetals and Cationic Degradation of Polypropylene Sulphide and Polyesters.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. W. Schnabel, Polymer Degradation - Principles and Practical Applications Hanser Publishers, New York, 1992.
2. Ann - Christine Albertsson, Samuel J. Huang, "Degradative Polymers Recycling and Plastic Waste Management" Marcel Dekker, New York, 1995.
PT1014 ADHESIVES AND SURFACE COATINGS 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the technology of adhesives and coatings.
OBJECTIVES
To understand the following
• Adhesives – concepts of terminology, theories of adhesion
• Types of specialty adhesives and their application
• Adherend surfaces and joint design
• Surface coatings – constituents and classification
• Evaluation of properties of surface coatings
UNIT I 9
Adhesives – concepts and terminology, functions of adhesives, advantages and disadvantages of adhesive bonding, theories of adhesion-mechanical theory, adsorption theory, electrostatic theory, diffusion theory, weak-boundary layer theory, Requirements for a good bond, criteria for selection of adhesives.
UNIT II 9
Types of adhesives, structural adhesives, Urethane structured adhesives, Modified acrylic structural adhesives, phenolic adhesives and modifiers, anaerobic adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, Hot melt adhesives, pressure sensitive adhesives, RTV Silicone adhesives, sealants, water based adhesives. Specialty adhesives, adhesives in aerospace, adhesive in automobile industry, conductive adhesives, adhesives in building construction, adhesive in electrical industry.
UNIT III 9
Joint design, stress, types of joints, selection of joint detail, joint criteria, surface preparation of adherends-metals, plastics and rubbers. Adhesive bonding process- methods for adhesives application and bonding equipment, adhesives for specific substrates, testing of adhesives, adhesive specifications and quality control.
UNIT VI 9
Introduction to surface coatings –Components of paints. Pigments, pigment properties, different types, extenders, solvents, oils, driers, diluents, lacquers, varnishes, paint preparation, formulation, factors affecting pigment dispersion, preparation of pigment dispersion. Different types of paints- classification based on polymeric resin, emulsion, oil and alkyd paints, acrylic paints, epoxy coatings, polyurethane, silicones, formaldehyde based resins, chlorinated rubbers, hydrocarbon resins. Classification based on application, fluropolymers, vinyl resins, appliance furnishes, automotive finishes, coil coatings, can coatings, marine coatings, aircraft coatings.
UNIT V 9
Surface preparation and paint application. Paint properties and their evaluation – mechanism of film formation, factors affecting coating properties, methods used for film preparation – barrier properties, optical properties, ageing properties, rheological properties and adhesion properties of coatings.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Gerald L. Schreberger, “Adhesive in Manufacturing”, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1983
2. W.C. Wake, “Adhesion and the Formulation of Adhesives”, Applied Science Publishers, London, 1976.
REFERENCES
1. Swaraj Paul, “Surface Coatings”, John Wiley & Sons, NY, 1985.
2. George Mathews, “Polymer Mixing Technology”, Applied Science Publishers.
3. Sheilds, “Hand Book of Adhesives”, Butterworths, 1984.
PT1015 FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn about the raw materials and processing of fibre reinforced plastics.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the basic materials in FRP system covering series of matrix resins and reinforcements, various processing methods of composites, post processing operations, various applications of composites and testing of FRP materials
UNIT I 9
Matrix System and Reinforcement Materials: Basic Materials -Polymeric Matrix System- Polyester And Vinyl Ester Resins - Epoxy Resins- High Temperature Resins- Bismaleimides- Cyanide Esters- Benzyl Cyclo Butene- Acetylene Terminated- Bisnodimide- Aryethynyl Resins- Thermoplastic Resins. Fibre Reinforcements - Glass, carbon, aramide, natural fibres, Boron, Ceramic Fibers- Particulate Fillers.
UNIT II 9
Processing Methods Of Composites: Prepregs, SMC, DMC etc. - Hand Lay-Up; Spray- Up; Bag Molding; Compression Molding, Injection molding, Resin Transfer Molding (RTM); Filament Winding; Pultrusion, Auto Clave Molding; Processing of Thermoplastic Composites.
UNIT III 9
Post Processing Methods: Cutting, Trimming, Machining, Water Jet Cutting, Abrasive Jet Cutting, Laser Cutting, Joining, Mechanical Fastening and Adhesive Bonding, Painting And Coating.
UNIT IV 9
Application Of Composites: Land Transportation- Marine Application- Air Craft Applications-Aero Space Applications-Composites in Sports Goods- Composite Bio Materials-Composites In Scientific, Industrial And Commercial Applications. Composites in Construction.
UNIT V 9
Testing of Composites: Non- Destructive Evaluation Methods For Composites Visual, Tap Test, Ultrasonic Methods, X-Ray Imaging, Thermography, Neutron Radiography, Infrared Thermal Testing, Laser Shear -O- Graphy, Holography And Micro Wave Testing. Mechanical Tests: Tension And Compression Testing, Shear, Torsion, Bending- A Mention About Special Test Methods.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. G Lubin, “Hand Book of Composites”, 2nd Ed, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1982.
2. L.Holloway “Hand Book of Composites for Engineers”, Technomic, Lancaster, Pa, 1994.
REFERENCES
1. S.M. Lee, “Dictionary of Composites Materials Technology”, Technomic Lancaster, Pa, 1989.
2. G.Shook, “Reinforced Plastic for Commercial Composites”, Source Book, Asm, 1986.
3. Kevin Potter, “An Introduction to Composites Products”, Chapman and Hall Madras India 1997.
4. S.T.Peter, “Hand Book of Composites”, Chapman and Hall Chennai 1998.
5. Lin / Pearce, “High Performance Thermosets”, Hanser Publishers, Munich, New York, 1993.
6. Harold Belofsky, “Plastics: Product Design And Process Engineering”, Hansen Publisher Munich, New York, 1995,
PT1016 CONDUCTING POLYMERS 3 0 0 100
AIM
• To learn the mechanism, synthesis, characterization of conducting polymers.
OBJECTIVES
• To understand the basic concepts on conducting polymers, conduction mechanism, various methods of synthesis and characterization of conducting polymers and their applications.
UNIT I 9
Introduction to conducting polymers – discovery of polyacetylene – concept of doing and n-type – polarons and bipolarons – conduction mechanism – redox type polymers (electro – active polymers).
UNIT II 9
Synthesis of conducting polymers – Chemical synthesis – electrochemical synthesis – template synthesis – precursor synthesis – soluble polymers (colloids and dispersions) – advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods.
UNIT III 9
Characterization methods – elemental analysis for dopants – IR – UV (electro chemical) scanning electro microscopy (SEM) – electro chemical characterization – cyclic voltometry – electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) – probe beam deflection (PBD) – Langmuir – blodgett technique.
UNIT IV 9
Applications tested – rechargeable batteries, lights emitting diodes – gas sensors – bio sensors – photo voltaic energy devices – micro electronics (PCB fabrications) electro catalysis – applications – proposed – antistatic coatings – electro chem. Mechanical devices – super capacitors.
UNIT V 9
Recent trends in conducting polymers – functionalised conducting polymers (second generation polymers) – super conductors (inorganic – organic hybrid structures) – conducting polymers based on nano composites.
TOTAL : 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. R. G. Linford, Electro Chemical Science and Technology of Polymers – 1&2, ed., Elsevier applied sciences, London, 1987 and 1990.
2. M. Schlvxinger and M. Paunovic, (eds.) Modern Electro Plating, john Wiley and sons Inc., New York, 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Hari Singh Nalwa (ed.), Hand Book of Organic conductive molecules and polymers, 4 – volume set, John wiley & sons, England, 1997.
2. T.Asaka, S. Komabe and T. Momma, Conductive Polymers.
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Very helpful blog. SECO as Shebani Electra Company is popularly called manufacture and supply technology advanced testing Instruments. Vicat softening Point Apparatus/ Head deflection heat apparatus
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