TRICHY Biotechnology V SEM SYLLABUS

ANNA UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI Tiruchirappalli - 620 024 Regulations 2008
Curriculum
B.Tech. Biotechnology
SEMESTER III
S.No. Subject Code Subject L T P C
Theory
1 Transforms and Partial Differential Equations 3 1 0 4
2 Principles of Chemical Engineering 3 0 0 3
3 Environmental Science and Engineering 3 0 0 3
4 Cell Biology 3 0 0 3
5 Bioorganic Chemistry 3 0 0 3
6 Biochemistry I 3 0 0 3
Practical
7 Cell Biology Laboratory 0 0 4 2
8 Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory 0 0 4 2
9 Biochemistry Laboratory 0 0 4 2
Total 25
ANNA UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI
Tiruchirappalli - 620 024
Regulations 2008
Syllabus
B.Tech. Biotechnology
SEMESTER III
TRANSFORMS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
LT P C 3 10 4
UNIT I FOURIER SERIES 9
Dirichlet's conditions - General Fourier series - Odd and even functions - Half range sine series - Half range cosine series - Complex form of Fourier Series - Parseval's identity -Harmonic Analysis.
UNIT II FOURIER TRANSFORMS 9
Fourier integral theorem (without proof) - Fourier transform pair - Sine and Cosine transforms - Properties - Transforms of simple functions - Convolution theorem - Parseval's identity.
UNIT III PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9
Formation of partial differential equations - Lagrange's linear equation - Solutions of standard types of first order partial differential equations - Linear partial differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients.
UNIT IV APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9
Solutions of one-dimensional wave equation - One-dimensional equation of heat conduction -Steady state solution of two-dimensional equation of heat conduction (Insulated edges excluded) - Fourier series solutions in Cartesian coordinates.
UNIT V Z -TRANSFORMS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS 9
Z-Transforms - Elementary properties - Inverse Z-Transforms - Convolution theorem -Formation of difference equations - Solution of difference equations using Z-Transform.
L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60
TEXT BOOK
1. Grewal B.S, "Higher Engineering Mathematic", Fourteenth Edition, Khanna Publishers, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Bali N.P and Goyal M., "A Textbook of Engineering Mathematic", Seventh Edition,
Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., 2007.
2. Ramana B.V., "Higher Engineering Mathematics", Tata Mc-GrawHill Publishing
Company Ltd., 2007.
3. Glyn J., "Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics", Third Edition, Pearson
Education, 2007.
4. Kreyszig E., "Advanced Engineering Mathematics", Eighth Edition, Wiley India, 2007.
PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
LT P C 3 0 0 3
UNIT - I OVERVIEW OF PROCESS INDUSTRY 9
Mass and energy conservation - Process automation - Environment - SI units - Conservation factors - Applied mathematics for experimental curve fitting - Numerical differentiation -Integration.
UNIT - II MATERIAL BALANCES 9
Overall and component balances - Material balances without and with chemical reactions -Degrees of freedom - Steady and unsteady state - Unit operations - Recycle and by pass -Humidity calculations.
UNIT - III FIRST AND SECOND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 9
Energy balances - Sensible heat - Latent heat - Vapour pressure - Steady and unsteady state calculations.
UNIT - IV FLUID MECHANICS 9
Fluids - Fluid statics and applications in chemical engineering - Fluid flow - Laminar -Turbulent -pressure drops - Compressible fluid flow concepts - Multiphase flow concepts.
UNIT - V FLOW THROUGH PACKED COLUMNS 9
Fluidization - Centrifugal and piston pumps - Characteristics - Compressors - Work.
Total: 45
TEXT BOOK
1. Bhatt B.I. and Vora S.M., "Stoichiometry", Fourth Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.
2. McCabe W.L., Smith J.C. and Harriot P., "Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering", Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005.
REFERENCES
1. Geankoplis C.J., "Transport Processes and Unit Operations", Fourth Edition, Prentice
Hall, 2007.
2. Coulson J.M. and Richardson J. F., "Coulson and Richardson's Chemical Engineering", Vol-I, Third Edition, Butterworth - Heinemann Publishers, 2004.
3. Venkataramani V. and Anantharaman N., "Process Calculations", Prentice Hall, 2004.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
L T P C 3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL
RESOURCES 9
Definition, Scope and Importance - Need For Public Awareness - Forest Resources - Use and Over - Exploitation - Deforestation - Case Studies - Timber Extraction - Mining - Dams and their Ground Water - Floods - Drought - Conflicts Over Water - Dams - Benefits and Problems - Mineral Resources - Use Effects on Forests and Tribal People - Water Resources -Use and Over-Utilization of Surface and Exploitation - Environmental Effects of Extracting and Using Mineral Resources - Case Studies - Food Resources - World Food Problems - Changes caused by Agriculture and Overgrazing - Effects of Modern Agriculture - Fertilizer - Pesticide Problems - Water Logging, salinity - Case Studies - Energy Resources - Growing Energy Needs - Renewable and Non Renewable Energy Sources - Use of Alternate Energy Sources -Case Studies - Land Resources - Land as a Resource - Land Degradation - Man Induced Landslides - Soil Erosion and Desertification - Role of an Individual in Conservation of Natural Resources - Equitable use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyles
UNIT II ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY 9
Concepts of an Ecosystem - Structure and Function of an Ecosystem - Producers, Consumers and Decomposers - Energy Flow in the Ecosystem - Ecological Succession - Food Chains, Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids - Introduction, Types, Characteristic Features, Structure and Function of the (A) Forest Ecosystem (B) Grassland Ecosystem (C) Desert Ecosystem (D) Aquatic Ecosystems (Ponds, Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries) - Introduction to Biodiversity - Definition Genetic, Species and Ecosystem Diversity - Biogeographical Classification of India - Value of Biodiversity - Consumptive Use, Productive Use, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic and Option Values - Biodiversity at Global, National and Local Levels -India as a Mega-Diversity Nation - Hot-Spots of Biodiversity - Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Loss, Poaching of Wildlife, Man-Wildlife Conflicts - endangered and Endemic Species of India - Conservation of Biodiversity: In-Situ and Ex-Situ conservation of Biodiversity
UNIT III ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 9
Definition - Causes, Effects and Control Measures of:- (A) Air Pollution (B) Water Pollution
(C) Soil Pollution (D) Marine Pollution (E) Noise Pollution (F) Thermal Pollution (G) Nuclear
Hazards - Solid Waste Management:- Causes, Effects and Control Measures of Urban and Industrial Wastes - Role of an Individual in Prevention of Pollution - Pollution Case Studies -disaster Management:- Floods, Earthquake, Cyclone and Landslides
UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 9
From Unsustainable To Sustainable Development - Urban Problems Related To energy - Water conservation, Rain Water Harvesting, Watershed Management - Resettlement and Rehabilitation of People, Its Problems and Concerns, Case Studies - Environmental Ethics:-Issues and Possible Solutions - Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rain, Ozone Layer Depletion, Nuclear Accidents and Holocaust, Case Studies - Wasteland Reclamation -Consumerism and Waste Products - Environment Production Act - Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act - Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act - Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation Act - Issues Involved in enforcement of Environmental Legislation -Public Awareness.
UNIT V
HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 9
Population Growth, Variation Among Nations - Population Explosion - Family Welfare Programme - Environment and Human Health - Human Rights - Value Education - HIV /AIDS - Women and Child Welfare - Role of Information Technology in Environment and Human Health - Case Studies.
Field Study of Local Area to Document Environmental assets - River/Forest/Grassland/Hill/ Mountain.
Field Study of Common Plants, Insects and Birds - Field Study of Simple Ecosystems - Pond, River, Hill Slopes, etc.
Field Study of Local Polluted Site - Urban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural
Total: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Masters, G.M., "Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science", 2nd Edition, Pearson Education, 2004.
2. Miller, T.G. Jr., "Environmental Science", Wadsworth Pub. Co.
3. Townsend C., Harper, J. and Begon, M., "Essentials of Ecology", Blackwell Science, 2003.
4. Trivedi, R.K., and Goel, P.K., "Introduction to Air Pollution", Techno-Science Publications.
REFERENCES
1. Erach, B., "The Biodiversity of India", Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad, India.
2. Trivedi, R.K., "Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and Standards", Vol-I and II, Envio Media.
3. Cunningham, Cooper, W.P. and Gorhani, T.H., "Environmental Encyclopedia", Jaico Publishing House, Mumbai, 2001.
4. Wages, K.D., "Environmental Management", W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, USA, 1998.
CELL BIOLOGY
LT P C 3 0 0 3
UNIT I CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ORGANELLES 9
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells - Principles of membrane organisation - Membrane proteins -Cytoskeletal proteins - Types of cell division - Mitosis & meiosis - Extra cellular matrix - Cell cycle and molecules that control cell cycle.
UNIT II TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES 9
Passive & active transport - Permeases - Sodium potassium pump - Ca2+ ATPase pumps -Lysosomal and vacuolar membrane - ATP dependent proton pumps - Co-transport symport -Antiport - Transport into prokaryotic cells - Endocytosis and exocytosis - Entry of viruses and toxins into cells.
UNIT III RECEPTORS AND MODELS OF EXTRA CELLULAR SIGNALLING 9
Cytosolic - Nuclear and membrane bound receptors - Examples of receptors - Autocrine, paracrine and endocrine models of action - Quantitation and characterisation of receptors.
UNITIV SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 9
Signal amplification - Different models of signal amplifications - Cyclic AMP - Role of inositol phosphates as messengers - Biosynthesis of inositol tri phosphates - Cyclic GMP and G proteins - Role in signal transduction - Calcium ion flux and its role in cell signaling - Current models of signal amplification - Phosphorylation of protein kinases - Regulation of protein kinases - Serine-threonine kinases, Tumor necrosis factor receptor families.
UNIT V CELL CULTURE 9
Techniques for the propagation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells - Cell line - Generation of cell lines - Maintenance of stock cells - Characterization of cells - Immunochemistry -Morphological analysis techniques in cell culture - Ex-plant cultures primary cultures -Contamination - Differentiation - Three dimensional cultures - Role of matrix in cell growth.
Total: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Darnell J., Lodish H., Baltimore D., "Molecular Cell Biology", W.H. Freeman, 2003.
2. Kimball J.W., "Cell Biology", Second Edition, Wesley Publishers, 1978.
REFERENCES
1. Robertis De E.D.P. and Robertis De E.M.F., "Cell and Molecular Biology", Eighth Edition, B.I. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
2. Watson J.D., "Molecular Biology of the Cell", Second Edition, Garland Publication,
1989.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
LT P C 3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMES 9
Classification of enzymes - Mechanisms of enzyme action - Concept of active site and energetics of enzyme substrate complex formation - Specificity of enzyme action -Stereochemistry - R,S notation - re-si faces - E,Z isomerism - Conformers - Ethane -Cyclohexane - Reactivates - Mechanisms of SN1, SN2 reactions, E1, E2 reactions - Ester formation and hydrolysis, reaction rates - Hammond's postulate - h/d effects - Catalysis -General acid - Base and covalent catalysis.
UNIT II KINETICS OF ENZYME ACTION 9
Allosteric regulation of enzymes - Monod-Wyman-Changeux model - pH and temperature effect on enzymes and deactivation kinetics - Stereospecific enzymatic reactions -Stereochemistry of nucleophilic reactions - Chiral methyl group - Chiral phosphate.
UNIT III ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION AND CASE STUDIES OF ENZYME STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM 9
Physical and chemical techniques for enzyme immobilization - Adsorption, matrix entrapment, encapsulation, cross-linking, covalent binding etc., examples, advantages and disadvantages. Case studies include dehydrogenases, proteases - Lysozyme - Stability of proteins
UNIT IV KINETICS OF PROTEIN FOLDING 9
Kinetics of single substrate reactions - Estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters, multi substrate reactions - Mechanisms and kinetics - Turnover number - Types of inhibition & models - Substrate, product - Folding of peptides.
UNIT V FOLDING PATHWAYS & ENERGY LANDSCAPES 9
Folding of CI2 - Nucleation condensation mechanism - Folding of barnase - Time resolution -Insights from theory - Optimization of folding rates - Molecular chaperones - Production and purification of crude enzyme extracts from plant, animal and microbial sources - Methods of characterization of enzymes - Development of enzymatic assays.
Total: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Blanch H.W. and Clark D.S., "BiochemicalEngineering", CRC Press, 1997.
2. Lee J.M., "Biochemical Engineering", Prentice Hall, 1991.
REFERENCES
1. Fersht A.R., "Structure and Mechanism in Protein Science: A Guide to Enzyme Catalysis and Protein Folding", W.H. Freeman, 1999.
2. Dugas H., "Bioorganic Chemistry", Springer Verlag, 1999.
3. Bailey J.E. and Ollis D.F., "Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals", Second Edition, McGraw-Hill., 1986.
4. Wiseman A, "Enzyme Biotechnology", Second Edition, Ellis Horwood Publication,
1985.
BIOCHEMISTRY I
LT P C
3 0 0 3
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO BIOMOLECULES 9
Basic principles of organic chemistry, types of functional groups - Biomolecules, chemical nature, water, pH and biological buffers.
UNIT II STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF IMPORTANT BIOMOLECULES 9
Carbohydrates (mono, di, oligo & polysaccharides) Proteoglycans - Glucosaminoglycans -Mutarotation - Glycosidic bond - Reactions of monosaccharides - Reducing sugars. Lipids: Fatty Acids - Glycerol - Saponification - Iodination - Hydrogenation - Phospholipids - Glycolipids - Sphingolipids - Cholesterol - Steroids - Prostaglandins.
Proteins: Amino Acids - Peptides - Proteins - measurement, structures, hierarchy of organization -primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures - Glycoproteins -Lipoproteins - Determine of primary structure.
Nucleic acids: Purines - Pyrimidines - Nucleoside - Nucleotide - RNA - DNA - Reactions, properties, measurement, nucleoprotein complexes.
UNIT III METABOLISM CONCEPTS 9
Functions of Proteins - Enzymes - Introduction to biocatalysts - Metabolic pathways, primary and secondary metabolites.
UNIT IV INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM AND REGULATION 9
Glycolysis - TCA cycle - Gluconeogenesis - Pentose phosphate shunt - Glyoxalate shunt -Fatty acid synthesis and oxidation - Reactions of amino acids - Deamination - Transamination and decarboxylation - Urea cycle - Interconnection of pathways and metabolic regulation -Case study on overproduction of glutamic acid, threonine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine and ethanol.
UNIT V BIOENERGETICS 9
High energy compounds - Electronegative potential of compounds - Respiratory chain - ATP cycle and Calculation of ATP yield during oxidation of glucose and fatty acids.
Total: 45
TEXT BOOKS
1. Nelson D.L. and Cox M.M., "Lehninger's Principles of Biochemsitry", Fourth Edition, W.H. Freemen & Co., 2005.
2. Stryer L., "Biochemsitry", Fourth Edition, W.H. Freeman & Co., 2000.
REFERENCES
1. Voet D. and Voet, J.G., "Biochemistry", Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2004.
2. Murray R.K., "Harper's Biochemistry", Twenty third Edition, Prentice Hall International, 1993.
CELL BIOLOGY LABORATORY
LT P C 0 0 4 2
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Introduction to principles of sterile techniques and cell propagation
2. Principles of microscopy, phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy
3. Identification of given plant, animal and bacterial cells and their components by microscopy
4. Gram's Staining
5. Leishman Staining
6. Thin Layer Chromatography
7. Giemsa Staining
8. Separation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from blood
9. Osmosis and Tonicity
10. Tryphan Blue Assay
11. Staining for different stages of mitosis in Allium Cepa (Onion)
Total: 60
REFERENCE:
1. Laboratory Investigations in Cell and Molecular Biology, Allen Bregman Wiley, 2001.
EQUIPMENTS / APPARATUS
Microbiological Hood for sterilization with UV lighting (One).
Bunsen Burners - 10 Nos.
Orbital Shaker and Incubator - 2 Nos.
Refrigerator - 1 No.
Microscope - 2 Nos.
Reagents and consumables - Required amount.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY
LT P C 0 0 4 2
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Synthesis of aspirin
2. Hydrolysis of sucrose
3. Preparation of pyruvic acid
4. Preparation of oleic acid
5. Preparation of a-D- glucopyranose pentaacetate
6. Preparation of 1,2,5,6 dicyclohexylnoine a-D-glucofuranose
7. Isolation of lycopene from tomato paste
8. Preparation of L-proline
9. Preparation of L-cysteine from hair
10. Preparation of S-ethyl hydroxybutonate from ethyl acetoacetate using yeast
11. Resolution of S-ethyl hydroxybutonate using 3,5 dinitrobenzoate.
12. Preparation of 5,10,15,20-tetrakisphenyl porphyrin.
Total: 60
REFERENCE:
1. Fummis B.S., Hannaford A.J., Smith P.W.G., "Text Book of Practical Organic Chemistry", Longman Edition, 1995.
EQUIPMENTS / APPARATUS REQUIREMENTS
Heating Mantles (Nos. 5) / Water baths (Nos. 5) / Bunsen Burners (Nos. 15)
Round bottom flasks of various volumes (100ml, 500 ml, 250 ml - Nos.5) condensers
(Nos. 5), Distillation units (Nos. 2).
Reagents and consumables.
BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY
LT P C 0 0 4 2
1. Demonstration of use of volume and weight measurements devices.
2. Titration of weak acid-weak base.
3. Quantitative Test for carbohydrates
4. Distinguish reducing and non-reducing sugars.
5. Using ninhydrin for distinguishing Imino and amino acids
6. Protein estimation by Biuret and Lowry's methods.
7. Protein estimation by Bradford's colorometric methods.
8. Extraction of lipids and analysis by TLC.
9. Estimation of nucleus ends by absorbance at 260 nm and hyperchromicity.
10. Enzymatic assay of phosphates.
11. Hydrolysis of starch by an enzyme
Total: 60
REFERENCES
1. Wilson and Walker "Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry" 4 Edn., Cambridge Knew pros 1997.
2. Plummer DT "An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry" III Edn., Tata McGrawhill.
LIST OF EQUIPMENTS
Heating Mantles (5) / Water Baths (5) / Bunsen Buners (10) TLC Plates - Required Numbers Colorimeter - 2 Nos. Consumables and Reagents.